Key presentations and conditions
Basic Trainees will have a comprehensive depth of knowledge of these presentations and conditions.
Presentations
- Cutaneous drug, chemical, and vaccine reactions, such as drug hypersensitivity, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Urticaria
- Viral exanthems
Conditions
- Acne
- Bacterial infections, such as:
- abscess
- cellulitis
- folliculitis
- impetigo
- Calciphylaxis
- Cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases:
- acne
- angioedema
- diabetic ulcers
- hirsutism
- psoriasis
- Raynaud phenomenon
- spider naevi
- Cutaneous oncology, such as:
- basal cell carcinoma
- breast cancer skin changes
- melanoma
- premalignant skin lesions
- squamous cell carcinoma
- Dermatitis:
- atopic (eczema)
- contact
- seborrheic
- stasis
- Fungal infections of skin and nails
- Parasitic infections, such as head lice and scabies
- Psoriasis
- Rosacea
- Skin ulcers:
- arterial
- neuropathic
- pyoderma gangrenosum
- traumatic
- venous
- Viral infections, such as:
- herpes simplex virus
- human papilloma virus
- varicella zoster virus
- Vitiligo
For each presentation and condition, Basic Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a relevant clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients1 and their quality of life
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
For less common or more complex presentations and conditions the trainee must also seek expert opinions - prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
Less common or more complex presentations and conditions
Basic Trainees will understand these presentations and conditions. Basic Trainees will understand the resources that should be used to help manage patients with these presentations and conditions.
Presentations
- Ulcers:
- genital
- oral
Conditions
- Alopecia areata
- Asteatotic eczema
- Autoimmune bullous disease, such as:
- bullous pemphigoid
- pemphigus vulgaris
- Cutaneous manifestations of adverse effects of therapeutic interventions, such as:
- anticoagulant-related skin necrosis
- cholesterol emboli
- drug hypersensitivity syndrome
- lipoatrophy
- toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Cutaneous manifestations of inherited disorders, such as:
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- neurofibromatosis
- tuberous sclerosis
- Cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease, such as:
- Behçet disease
- cryoglobulinemia
- dermatomyositis
- diabetes-related skin conditions
- erythema multiforme
- erythema nodosum
- porphyria
- syphilis
- systemic scleroderma (diffuse and limited cutaneous, including CREST syndrome)
- vasculitic rashes
- vitamin deficiency
- Dermatological issues related to immunosuppression, such as graft versus host disease and Kaposi sarcoma
For each presentation and condition, Basic Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a relevant clinical history » conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis » plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients1 and their quality of life
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
For less common or more complex presentations and conditions the trainee must also seek expert opinions - prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
Epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical sciences
Basic Trainees will describe the principles of the foundational sciences.
- Pigmentary, inflammatory, and immune responses of the skin
- Principles of the innate and adaptive immune systems
- Structure and function of skin, hair, and nails, and how these change with age
Investigations, procedures and clinical assessment tools
Basic Trainees will know the indications for, and how to interpret the results of these investigations, procedures, and clinical assessments tools. Basic Trainees will know how to explain the investigation, procedure, or clinical assessment tool to patients, families, and carers.
Investigations
- Biopsy of lesion or skin:
- culture
- direct immunofluorescence
- histology
- Laboratory and imaging investigations for associated systemic disease
- Mole maps
- Nail clipping
- Skin autoantibodies
- Skin scraping
- Visual recognition of cancers
- Wound swab:
- bacterial
- viral
Procedures
- Cryoablation
- Curettage and cautery
- Excision and draining of abscesses
- Phototherapy
- Radiotherapy
Important specific issues
Basic Trainees will identify important specialty-specific issues and the impact of these on diagnosis and management.
- Education of patients in the use of topical treatments, dressings, and preventive management
- Effect of acne on the mental health of adolescents and young adults
- Impact of cutaneous disease on patient morbidity and mortality
- Implications of immunosuppressive therapy in terms of adverse effects, monitoring, and preventative measures
- Indications for screening for skin cancers in the general immunosuppressed populations
- Process of counselling about and gaining informed consent for procedures, such as skin biopsy under local anaesthetic
- Psychological and social impacts of skin disease
- Role of phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressant medications, and biologic agents in the management of skin disease
- References to patients in the remainder of this document may include their families or carers.