Presentations
- Disorders of movement and posture identified in early life
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
Presentations
- Other conditions presenting like cerebral palsy
Conditions
- Genetic conditions, such as hereditary spastic paraparesis
- Structural brain abnormalities
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
- Aetiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of cerebral palsy
- Antenatal and postnatal strategies to prevent cerebral palsy
- Common comorbidities seen in children (tamariki) with cerebral palsy
- Epidemiology of cerebral palsy, including:
- incidence
- morbidity
- mortality
- prevalence
- probability:
- Motor types and distribution of motor impairments in children (tamariki) with cerebral palsy
- Natural history and musculoskeletal complications of cerebral palsy
Clinical assessment tools
- Assessments of upper limb function, such as assisting hand assessment
- Classification systems used to describe function in children (tamariki) with cerebral palsy, such as:
- Communication Function Classification System (CFCS)
- Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS)
- Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)
- Manual Abilities Classification System (MACS)
- Clinical gait assessment:
- Musculoskeletal assessment, such as:
- range of motion
- selective motor control
- strength
- tone assessment
- tools, such as:
- Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)
- Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)
- Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS)
- Scales describing motor function, such as:
- functional Mobility Scale (FMS)
- gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)
- Tools for identifying infants (pēpi) with a likelihood of cerebral palsy, such as:
- general Movements Assessment (GMA)
- hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE)
Investigations
- Diagnostic tests for other aetiologies of motor delay, such as:
- chemical pathology
- genetic tests
- metabolic tests
- Interpretation of medical imaging used in diagnosis of cerebral palsy
- Interpretation of x-rays for musculoskeletal complications, such as:
- hip subluxation
- scoliosis
Procedures
- botulinum toxin A
- deep brain stimulation
- intrathecal baclofen pumps
- orthopaedic surgery
- phenol injections
- selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)
- Early diagnosis and early intervention
- Treatments and therapeutic interventions for cerebral palsy and evidence for their use, including:
- assessment, prescribing, and procedures for hypertonicity and movement disorders
- awareness of experimental and emerging treatments
- postoperative rehabilitation following orthopaedic surgery
- surveillance and management of common comorbidities, such as drooling and bone health
- surveillance for musculoskeletal complications, particularly hip subluxation and scoliosis:
- knowledge of common orthopaedic procedures used to address musculoskeletal complications of cerebral palsy
- knowledge of when to refer for orthopaedic intervention
