Entrustable Professional Activities

LG4: Patient safety and quality improvement

Learning Goal 4

Patient safety and quality improvement

Individual to system-level harm prevention and provision of high-quality care

This activity requires the ability to:

  • identify and report actual and potential (‘near miss’) errors
  • conduct and evaluate system quality improvement activities
  • adhere to best practice guidelines
  • conduct simple clinical audits
  • present at departmental meetings
  • participate in and present at morbidity and mortality meetings
  • contribute to the development of policies and protocols designed to protect patients and enhance health care
  • monitor one’s own practice and develop individual improvement plans
  • review all relevant documentation and investigations before providing a holistic response

Professional practice framework domain

Medical expertise

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use population health outcomes to identify opportunities for improvement in delivering appropriate care
  • review patients’ or population health outcomes regularly to identify opportunities for improvement in delivering appropriate care
  • promote health advocacy
  • use standardised protocols to adhere to best practice and prevent the occurrence of wrong-site, wrong-patient procedures
  • use available guidelines and evidence-based practice to provide high quality medical care
  • regularly monitor personal professional performance

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • contribute to processes on identified opportunities for improvement
  • recognise the importance of prevention and early detection in clinical practice
  • use local guidelines to assist patient care decision making

Communication

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • practice shared decision making with patients, families, and carers
  • implement the organisation’s open disclosure policy
  • support patients, their families, whānau, and/or carers to have access to, and use, easy-to-understand, high-quality information regarding their child’s medical condition
  • encourage patients to provide feedback and make complaints when appropriate, providing information on these processes and services

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate awareness of the evidence for consumer engagement and its contribution to quality improvement in health care
  • apply knowledge of how health literacy might affect the way patients or populations gain access to, understand, and use health information

Quality and safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
  • respond holistically to patient complaints, including investigating and reviewing all relevant documentation
  • perform incident reporting in line with local procedures
  • participate in organisational quality and safety activities, including morbidity and mortality reviews, clinical incident reviews, root cause analyses, and corrective action preventative action plans
  • participate in systems for surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and ‘near misses’, including reporting such events
  • raise and appropriately report identified opportunities for improvement
  • use clinical audits and registries of data on patients’ experiences and outcomes, learnings from incidents, and complaints to inform best practice in care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate understanding of a systematic approach to improving the quality and safety of health care
  • respond to patient complaints

Teaching and learning

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • translate quality improvement approaches and methods into practice
  • participate in professional training in quality and safety to ensure a contemporary approach to safety system strategies
  • supervise and manage the performance of junior colleagues in the delivery of high-quality safe care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • work within organisational quality and safety systems for the delivery of clinical care
  • use opportunities to learn about safety and quality theory and systems

Research

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • confirm that any protocol for human research is approved by a human research ethics committee, in accordance with the national statement on ethical conduct in human research

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate understanding that patient participation in research is voluntary and based on an appropriate understanding about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, and potential benefits of the research

Cultural safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • undertake professional development opportunities that address the impact of cultural bias on health outcomes

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • communicate effectively with patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds

Ethics and professional behaviour

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • align improvement goals with the priorities of the organisation
  • contribute to developing and maintaining an organisational culture that enables and prioritises patients’ safety and quality care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • comply with professional regulatory requirements and codes of conduct

Judgement and decision making

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use and contribute to decision-making support tools, such as guidelines, protocols, pathways, and reminders
  • analyse and evaluate current care processes to improve care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • access information and advice from other health care practitioners to identify, evaluate, and improve patients’ care management

Leadership, management, and teamwork

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • formulate and implement quality improvement strategies as a collaborative effort, involving all key health professionals
  • support multidisciplinary team activities to lower patients’ risk of harm, and promote interdisciplinary programs of education

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate attitudes of respect and cooperation among members of different professional teams
  • partner with clinicians and managers to ensure that patients receive appropriate care and information on their care

Health policy, systems, and advocacy

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • participate in all aspects of the development, implementation, evaluation, and monitoring of governance processes
  • participate regularly in multidisciplinary meetings where quality and safety issues are standing agenda items, and where innovative ideas and projects for improving care are actively encouraged
  • measure, analyse, and report a set of specialty-specific process of care and outcome clinical indicators, and a set of generic safety indicators
  • take part in the design and implementation of the organisational systems for:
    • clinical education and training
    • defining the scope of clinical practice
    • performance monitoring and management
    • safety and quality education and training

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • maintain a dialogue with service managers about issues that affect patient care
  • contribute to relevant organisational policies and procedures
  • help shape an organisational culture that prioritises safety and quality through openness, honesty, learning, and quality improvement