Entrustable Professional Activities

LG8: Communication with patients

Learning Goal 8

Communication with patients

Communicate with patients across different stages of life-limiting illnesses

This activity requires the ability to:

  • plan for and deliver person-centred clinical conversations
  • interpret patient and family cues in communication content and style
  • recognise and respond to emotion
  • collaborate in family meetings
  • prepare communication strategies to adjust for age, culture, language, health literacy, cognitive impairment, and sensory impairment
  • develop, document, and progress mutually agreed management plans
  • self-reflect on outcomes of communication

Professional practice framework domain

Medical expertise

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • explore the concerns and goals of patients, and plan management in partnership with them
  • explain diagnosis, investigation, and management options using language appropriate to patients’ understanding and desire for information
  • address questions, misunderstandings, and concerns, and provide accessible information to patients
  • discuss relevant themes, including:
    • advance care planning
    • anticipated disease trajectory
    • end-of-life care
    • goals of patient care, including treatment withdrawal or limitation
    • loss of capacity
    • prognosis
    • requests for hastened death
    • requests for treatment with negligible benefit
    • requests for voluntary assisted dying
    • respond to existential distress

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • address common communication issues in palliative care

Communication

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use telehealth effectively
  • develop rapport
  • tailor communication content and style to meet patients’ needs
  • include significant others in conversations, and facilitate family meetings when appropriate
  • respond to verbal and nonverbal cues and emotions
  • document and share information about key conversations with patients to optimise patient care and safety
  • assess patients’ understanding prior to giving any information
  • model shared decision making by exploring patients’ concerns, informing them, prioritising their wishes, and respecting their beliefs

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • provide information to patients in plain language, avoiding jargon, acronyms, and complex medical terms
  • convey information considerately and sensitively to patients, seeking clarification if unsure of how best to proceed
  • treat children and young people respectfully, and listen to their views

Quality and safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • discuss potential benefits and risks of management strategies
  • assess patient capacity for decision making and informed consent if concerns are expressed by the patients’ family or carer
  • recognise and respond appropriately where patients may be vulnerable, such as issues of elder abuse, family violence, or self-harm
  • participate in processes to manage patient complaints
  • ensure timely, purpose-driven, and effective communication and documentation that supports continuous, coordinated, and safe care for patients

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • treat information about patients as confidential

Teaching and learning

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • address gaps in knowledge and skills through self-reflection, seeking feedback and self-directed learning and continuing professional development
  • supervise junior colleagues in managing communication with patients

Research

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • provide information to patients that is based on best available evidence
  • obtain informed consent or other valid authority before involving patients in research
  • write articles / reports and other scientific writing
  • display oral communication skills, including those for both planned presentations and spontaneous speech
  • communicate scientific information to others in journal clubs and conference presentations

Cultural safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • demonstrate effective and culturally competent communication with Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • effectively communicate with members of other cultural groups by meeting patients’ specific communication, cultural, and language needs
  • use qualified language interpreters or cultural interpreters effectively to help meet patients’ communication needs
  • provide plain-language and culturally appropriate written materials to patients when possible

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • identify when to use interpreters
  • allow enough time for communication across linguistic and cultural barriers

Ethics and professional behaviour

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • demonstrate respectful professional relationships with patients
  • prioritise honesty, patients’ welfare, and community benefit above self-interest
  • use appropriate consent processes for the release and sharing of patients’ information
  • respect patients’ rights to privacy and confidentiality
  • support patients’ decision making preferences
  • support patients’ rights to seek second opinions
  • avoid sexual, intimate, and financial relationships with patients
  • behave equitably towards all, irrespective of gender, age, culture, socioeconomic status, sexual preferences, beliefs, contribution to society, illnessrelated behaviours, or the illness itself
  • use social media ethically and according to legal obligations

Leadership, management, and teamwork

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • communicate effectively with team members involved in patients’ care, and with patients
  • facilitate an environment where all team members feel they can contribute and their opinion is valued

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • keep health care team members focused on patient outcomes

Health policy, systems, and advocacy

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • collaborate with other health professionals and services, such as community health centres and consumer organisations, to help patients navigate the healthcare system