Entrustable Professional Activities

EPA 3: Quality improvement

EPA 3

Quality improvement

Identify and address failures in health care delivery

This activity requires the ability to:

  • identify, mitigate, and report actual and potential (near miss) errors
  • conduct system improvement activities
  • adhere to best practice guidelines
  • audit clinical guidelines and outcomes
  • contribute to the development of policies and protocols designed to protect patients and enhance health care
  • monitor one's own practice and develop individual improvement plans

Professional practice framework domain

Medical expertise

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • regularly review patients or population health outcomes to identify opportunities for improvement in delivering appropriate care
  • evaluate population, environmental, and lifestyle health risks, and advocate for healthy lifestyle choices
  • use standardised protocols to adhere to best practice and prevent the occurrence of wrong site, wrong-patient procedures
  • regularly monitor personal professional performance

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • contribute to processes on identified opportunities for improvement
  • recognise the importance of prevention and early detection in clinical practice
  • use local guidelines to assist patient care decision making

Communication

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • support patients to have access to and use easily understood, high-quality information about health care appropriate to their identity, including gender, culture, and religion
  • support patients to share decision making about their own health care, to the extent they choose
  • assist patients’ access to their health information, as well as complaint and feedback systems
  • discuss with patients any safety and quality concerns they have relating to their care
  • implement the organisation's open disclosure policy

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate awareness of the evidence for consumer engagement and its contribution to quality improvement in health care
  • apply knowledge of how health literacy might affect the way patients or populations gain access to, understand, and use health information

Quality and safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
  • participate in organisational quality and safety activities, including morbidity and mortality reviews and clinical incident reviews
  • participate in systems for surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and near misses, including reporting such events
  • ensure that identified opportunities for improvement are raised and reported appropriately
  • use clinical quality and registries of data on patients' experiences and outcomes, learning from incidents and complaints to improve health care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate understanding of a systematic approach to improving the quality and safety of health care

Teaching and learning

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • translate quality improvement approaches and methods into practice
  • participate in professional training in quality and safety to ensure a contemporary approach to safety system strategies
  • supervise and manage the performance of junior colleagues in the delivery of high-quality, safe care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • work within organisational quality and safety systems for the delivery of clinical care
  • use opportunities to learn about safety and quality theory and systems

Research

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • ensure that any protocol for human research is approved by a human research ethics committee, in accordance with the national statement on ethical conduct in human research

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • understand that patient participation in research is voluntary and based on an appropriate understanding about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, and potential benefits of the research

Cultural safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • undertake professional development opportunities that address the impact of cultural bias on health outcomes

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • communicate effectively with patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds

Ethics and professional behaviour

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • align improvement goals with the priorities of the organisation
  • contribute to developing an organisational culture that enables and prioritises patients' safety and quality

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • comply with professional regulatory requirements and codes of conduct

Judgement and decision making

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use decision-making support tools (guidelines, protocols, pathways, and reminders)
  • analyse and evaluate current care processes to improve health care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • access information and advice from other health care practitioners to identify, evaluate, and improve patients’ care management

Leadership, management, and teamwork

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • formulate and implement quality improvement strategies as a collaborative effort involving all key health professionals
  • actively involve clinical pharmacists in the medication-use process
  • support multidisciplinary team activities to lower patient risk of harm, and promote multidisciplinary programs of education

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate attitudes of respect and cooperation among members of different professional teams

Health policy, systems, and advocacy

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • advocate for patients with disabilities and the provision of disability support services
  • participate in all aspects of the development, implementation, evaluation, and monitoring of governance processes
  • participate regularly in multidisciplinary meetings where quality and safety issues are standing agenda items, and where innovative ideas and projects for improving care are actively encouraged
  • measure, analyse, and report a set of specialty-specific process-of-care and outcome clinical indicators, and a set of generic safety indicators
  • take part in the design and implementation of the organisational systems for:
    • defining the scope of clinical practice
    • performance monitoring and management
    • clinical, and safety and quality education and training
  • demonstrate awareness of funding programs, outcome and benchmarking services, and state-specific rehabilitation services/guidelines

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • maintain a dialogue with service managers about issues that affect patient care
  • contribute to relevant organisational policies and procedures
  • help to shape an organisational culture that prioritises safety and quality through openness, honesty, learning, and quality improvement
  • demonstrate an understanding of clinical governance, healthcare standards, or current guidelines