Presentations
- Bleeding
- Fatigue
- Growth and developmental issues
- Heart failure
- Jaundice
- Organomegaly
- Pallor
Conditions
- Anaemia due to:
- chronic disease
- deficiencies, such as:
- B12
- folate
- iron:
- with anaemia
- without anaemia
- kidney impairment
- Haematology in infectious diseases, such as:
- cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- malaria
- parvovirus
- sepsis
- Haemoglobinopathies, including unstable haemoglobins
- Haemolytic conditions:
- autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- mechanical
- microangiopathic haemolytic anaemias
- oxidative haemolysis
- red cell enzyme deficiencies
- red cell membrane disorders
- Primary marrow causes of anaemia:
- bone marrow failure syndromes
- malignant and clonal disorder, such as:
- myelodysplastic syndrome
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- red cell aplasia:
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how
to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when
developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate
preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and
management
Presentations
- Confusion
- Critical care / Acutely unwell patients
- Haemorrhage
- Hypoxia
- Neurological symptoms
- Sepsis
Conditions
- Haemochromatosis and iron overload disorders
- Metabolic disorder associated with anaemia:
- congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA)
- Sideroblastic anaemia
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when
developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate
preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and
management
Clinical sciences
- Haemoglobin structure and function
- Iron metabolism
- Mechanisms of erythropoiesis, including:
- haematinic pathways
- the ontogeny of red cell precursors
- the role of erythropoietin
- Red cell enzyme pathways
- Red cell membrane structure and function
Epidemiology
- Causes and characteristics of anaemia of inflammation
- Characteristics, epidemiology, and genetics of haemoglobinopathies as a cause of anaemia, such as:
- sickle cell anaemia
- thalassemia
- unstable haemoglobins
- Different causes of anaemia based on the age of the child as well as changes in red cell parameters
with age
- Anaemia:
- appropriate selection of treatment modalities
- history, signs, and the underlying cause
- Investigative techniques:
- clinical
- pathological
- radiological
Procedures
- Assays of haematinic factors
- Bone marrow examination
- Flow cytometery for anaemias:
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) testing
- red cell eosin 5 maleimide (E5M)
- Full blood count (FBC) and blood film interpretation
- Haemolytic screen:
- direct antiglobulin test (DAT) haptoglobin
- lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- serum bilirubin (SBR)
- Infectious disease:
- bacterial, such as:
- parasitic, such as:
- viral, such as:
- Metabolic screen
- Red cell enzyme assays:
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
- pyruvate kinase (PK)
- Red cell membrane testing
- Reticulocyte count
- Genomic testing for rare anaemias
- Management of acute and chronic complications of chronic anaemia disorders
- Management of patients with rare anaemias requiring chronic transfusion therapy
- Role and risk of transfusion in the management of complicated patients with anaemia
Iron metabolism
- Common causes and management of iron deficiency
- Iron metabolism and causes of iron overload
- Managing iron overload, including:
- chelation therapy
- monitoring
- therapeutic venesection
- Rare enzyme disorders
