Presentations
- Cardiovascular symptoms,
such as:
- Fatigue
- Haematological disorders
in pregnancy
- Iron deficiency and overload
- Symptomatic anaemia
Conditions
- Anaemia due to:
- acquired primary marrow
causes:
- acquired pure red
cell aplasia
- myelodysplastic neoplasms
- congenital primary marrow
causes:
- congenital dyserythropoietic
anaemia
- enzymopathies
- glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PD)
- haemoglobinopathies:
- hereditary persistence
of fetal haemoglobin
- sickle cell anaemia
- thalassemia
- unstable haemoglobins
- pyruvate kinase deficiencies
- red cell membrane
disorders:
- hereditary elliptocytosis
- hereditary spherocytosis
- deficiencies, such as:
- B12
- folate
- iron:
- with anaemia
- without anaemia
- haemolysis:
- autoimmune haemolytic
anaemia
- cold agglutinin disease
- infection-related
- mechanical
- metabolic enzyme
deficiencies
- microangiopathic
haemolytic anaemias
- red cell membrane
disorders
- pregnancy, including:
- iron deficiency
- pathological
- physiological
- Haemochromatosis and
iron overload disorders
- Non-haematological chronic diseases:
- chronic inflammation
- infectious diseases, such as:
- cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein–Barr virus
- human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
- malaria
- kidney impairment
- liver disease
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
Presentations
- Confusion
- Critical care / Acutely unwell patients
- Haemorrhage
- Hypoxia
- Neurological symptoms
- Sepsis
Conditions
- Anaemia associated with medical
conditions:
- chronic kidney disease
- copper deficiency
- endocrine disorders
- heart failure
- HIV infection
- immunosuppression therapy
- liver disease
- malignancy
- malnutrition
- Porphyrias
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
- Anticoagulants for procedures
- Erythropoiesis, including the role of erythropoietin and the ontogeny
of red cell precursors
- Ethnic and geographic distribution and prevalence of haemoglobinopathies
and thalassaemia
- Haemoglobin function and structure
- Iron metabolism, and causes of iron overload and deficiency
- Pathophysiology of anaemia and its causes:
- accelerated destruction
- bleeding
- ineffective erythropoiesis
- nutritional deficiencies
- Assays of haematinic factors, such as:
- Bone marrow examination
- Investigative techniques:
- clinical, including family studies
- C-reactive protein (CRP) test
- full blood count
- investigation and result evaluation
- iron studies
- laboratory
- radiological
- Laboratory diagnosis of abnormal haemoglobins
- Supportive treatments, such as erythropoietin supplementation,
haematinic supplements, and transfusions:
- chelation therapy
- hyperferritinaemia versus iron overload
- investigating and managing iron overload
- therapeutic venesection
- Genetic basis of haemoglobinopathies, red cell membrane,
and enzymopathies, and implications for family planning
