Presentations
- Antenatal pleural effusions
- Antenatal presentation of space-occupying lesions in the thorax
- Deterioration of the ventilated newborn
- Hypoxemic respiratory failure and hypoxia
- Radiological appearances of the conditions that cause neonatal respiratory disease
- Respiratory distress
Conditions
- Air leaks
- Airway obstruction
- Apnoea of prematurity
- Chronic lung disease of prematurity / Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Meconium aspiration syndrome
- Pleural disorders, including:
- chylothorax
- pleural effusions
- Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)
- Pulmonary hypoplasia
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
- Sepsis / Pneumonia
- Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when
developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate
preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and
management
Conditions
- Congenital lobar emphysema
- Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia
- Cystic adenomatoid malformation
- Cystic lung disease
- Mediastinal tumours
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when
developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate
preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and
management
Embryology and physiology
- Abnormal and normal morphological development of the lung
- Fetal respiration and control of breathing
- Gas delivery, exchange, and oxygen transport
- Pulmonary function testing
- Pulmonary surfactant
- Respiratory mechanics:
- airway resistance concepts in perfusion and ventilation
- compliance
- lung volumes and capacities
- respiratory muscles
- Stages and mediators of normal and abnormal cellular and structural development of all components of
the lung
Genetics
- Genetic conditions associated with respiratory pathologies
Investigations
- Imaging:
- Interpretation of:
- MRI
- non-invasive monitoring methods to manage ventilation and oxygenation, such as
oximetry
- sleep studies
- ultrasound
- ventilation requirements
- x-ray
Procedures
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
- Lung ultrasound
- Nitric oxide therapy
- Respiratory support:
- invasive:
- conventional ventilation
- high frequency oscillatory ventilation
- non-invasive:
- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- high-flow nasal cannula therapy
- nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation
- Surfactant administration – multiple methods
- Thoracocentesis and intercostal chest drain insertion
- Coordination of home-based care, including allied health care providers and liaison medical officers
- Management of home oxygen therapy and other chronic respiratory problems
