- Anatomy and physiology, including normal and abnormal ranges and development
- Basic sciences, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of critical paediatric illness and injury, including:
- diagnosis
- evidence-based management
- pharmacology
- treatment
- High-risk clinical features and comorbidities
- Patterns of clinical and physiological decompensation
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief
- Pharmacology of pain relieving and sedative agents, such as:
- analgesics, including:
- general anaesthetics, including:
- local anaesthetics
- Physiological and clinical responses to pain
- Stabilisation and emergency treatment in critical illness or injury
Clinical assessment tools
- Comparative pain scale
- Local / Statewide / National clinical assessment tools, including, but not limited to:
- anaphylaxis
- asthma
- bronchiolitis
- burns
- cervical spine injury
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- gastroenteritis
- head injury
- hydration status
- sepsis
- stroke
- Oximetry and capnography tmonitor intubated patients
- Resuscitation and critical care structured assessment
Investigations
- Biochemical:
- blood gases
- endocrinological:
- blood glucose level
- ketones
- inflammatory markers
- stool:
- urine
- ECG
- Haematological:
- full blood count
- transfusion sample
- Metabolic:
- hypoglycaemia screen
- metabolic screening tests
- newborn blood spot screening
- urine screen:
- Microbiological:
- antimicrobial sensitivity, culture, and microscopy
- blood tests, such as:
- bacterial
- viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- cerebral spinal fluid
- serology
- skin / fluid swabs:
- antimicrobial sensitivity and culture
- bacterial and viral PCR
- microscopy
- stool:
- culture and antimicrobial sensitivity
- cysts, ova, and parasites
- urine:
- antimicrobial sensitivity and culture
- Patient monitoring
- Radiological:
- CT
- MRI
- ultrasound – including point of care ultrasound
- x-ray
Procedures
- Advanced airway support, including difficult airways:
- intercostal catheters
- intubation and rapid sequence inductions
- laryngeal mask use
- nasotracheal intubation
- needle cricothyroidotomy
- orotracheal
- percutaneous needle thoracocentesis
- surgical airways
- Advanced life support:
- cardioversion for arrhythmia
- defibrillation
- fluid resuscitation
- pericardiocentesis
- pharmacology, including:
- antiarrhythmics
- inotropes
- vasodilators
- Analgesia and sedation procedures:
- general anaesthetic administration, including:
- inhalation analgesics
- sedation:
- benzodiazepine – with or without fentanyl
- choral hydrate
- dexmedetomidine
- ketamine
- nitrous oxide
- propofol
- immobilisation techniques, including splinting
- nerve blocks:
- Bier block
- digital nerve block
- fascia iliaca compartment block
- femoral nerve block
- other nerve blocks
- Foreign body removal, from:
- ear
- eye
- mouth
- nose
- skin
- soft tissue
- Lumbar puncture
- Practical trauma procedures:
- airway management, including:
- bag and mask ventilation
- circulation management
- endotracheal intubation
- manoeuvres and adjuncts
- mechanical ventilation
- oxygen delivery systems
- ventilation:
- Temperature homeostasis
- Ultrasound guided procedures, including, but not limited to:
- cannulation
- fracture manipulation
- Vascular procedures:
- arterial:
- cardiac pacing
- vascular access:
- Child protection
- Emergency Medical System (EMS), including communicating with pre-hospital providers
- Management of mental health / behaviours of concern in the emergency department
- Neurodiversity
- Reducing overuse of investigations and treatments
- Understand the techniques, utility, and limitations of focused ultrasound in guiding paediatric procedures
Disasters involving children
- Considerations of disaster site management:
- equipment and supplies
- field hospitals
- media management
- roles and responsibilities
- transport
- Disaster preparation – planning and training
- Emergency department resources required to receive victims of a disaster:
- Essential information that must be communicated following a disaster
- Management of collegial, nursing, and transport staff
- Methods of disaster site triage and on-site treatment
- Occupational health and safety risks
- Potential medical issues:
- mental health
- public health
- Regional, state, and national governments’ responsibilities following disasters
Manage the death of a child
- Criteria for:
- coronial investigation
- determining death
- Grieving process
- Organ donation requirements
- Religious and cultural attitudes to death
- Staff support, and organisations to assist mourning families
Retrieval and/or transfer
- Inter-hospital transfer:
- handover protocol
- risk factors
- transfer:
- transfer of responsibilities
- Intra-hospital transfer:
- clinical handover
- handover protocol
- monitoring devices
- risk factors
- Retrieval medicine
Risk management
- Australasian triage scale indicators
- Clinical risk management processes, including:
- complaint and incident report management
- consent
- consultation
- documentation
- quality assurance
- Medical advice that may be provided by telephone triage
- Risk components of an emergency medical department
