Entrustable Professional Activities

LG4: Quality improvement

Learning Goal 4

Quality improvement

Contribute to improving the safety, effectiveness, and experience of health care

This activity requires the ability to:

  • identify and report actual and potential (‘near miss’) errors
  • conduct and evaluate quality improvement activities
  • adhere to best practice guidelines
  • audit clinical guidelines and outcomes
  • contribute to the development of policies and protocols designed to protect patients and enhance health care
  • monitor one’s own practice and develop individual improvement plans
  • demonstrate commitment to ensuring deliverable health care is safe, timely, patient-centred, effective, efficient, and equitable

Professional practice framework domain

Medical expertise

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use standardised protocols to adhere to best practice, where applicable
  • demonstrate the ability to critically analyse relevant literature, refer to evidence-based guidelines and apply this to daily practice
  • regularly monitor personal professional performance

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • identify opportunities for improvement
  • recognise the importance of prevention and early detection in clinical practice
  • use local guidelines to assist patient care decision making

Communication

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • ensure patients are informed of any risks associated with their care, including investigations, procedures, and therapies
  • obtain informed consent before undertaking any investigation, procedure, or therapy
  • ensure that patients are informed about fees and charges
  • assist patients to access their health information, as well as complaint and feedback systems
  • discuss with patients any safety and quality concerns they have relating to their care
  • implement the organisation’s open disclosure policy, where appropriate
  • engage consumers in quality improvement activities
  • provide clear, safe, timely, and effective handover during escalation and between transitions of care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate awareness of the evidence for consumer engagement and its contribution to quality improvement in health care
  • provide information in a manner so that patients, families, and carers are fully informed when consenting to any procedures
  • apply knowledge of how health literacy might affect the way patients or populations gain access to, understand, and use health information

Quality and safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • demonstrate safety skills, including infection control
  • participate regularly in organisational quality and safety activities, including:
    • antimicrobial stewardship
    • audits
    • clinical incident reviews
    • corrective action preventive action plans
    • morbidity and mortality reviews
    • review of clinical guidelines and protocols
    • root cause analyses
  • participate in systems for surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and near misses, including reporting such events
  • use clinical audits and registries of data on patients’ experiences and outcomes, learnings from incidents, and complaints to improve health care

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate awareness of a systematic approach to improving the quality and safety of health care
  • raise appropriate issues for review at morbidity and mortality meetings
  • work within organisational quality and safety systems for the delivery of clinical care

Teaching and learning

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • participate in quality and safety trainings, meetings, and activities to ensure a contemporary approach to safety system strategies

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • use opportunities to learn about safety and quality theory and systems

Research

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • ensure that any protocol for human research is approved by a human research ethics committee, in accordance with the national statement on ethical conduct in human research
  • present critical analysis of relevant literature at departmental journal club meetings
  • participate in clinical research that aims to improve patient outcomes, where applicable

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • understand that patient participation in research is voluntary and based on an appropriate understanding about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, and potential benefits of the research
  • demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of evidence and the challenges of applying research in daily practice

Cultural safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • undertake professional development opportunities that address the impact of cultural bias on health outcomes
  • demonstrate a commitment to improving cultural safety in own practice
  • apply frameworks and policies related to improving health care for Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate commitment to improving cultural safety in own practice

Ethics and professional behaviour

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • demonstrate professional values, including compassion, empathy, respect for diversity, integrity, honesty, and partnership to all patients and health professionals
  • advocate for the safety of patients and staff using appropriate systems
  • demonstrate accountability for errors by identifying possible system issues to improve, while contributing to an organisational “no blame” culture that prioritises patients’ safety and quality
  • consider young people’s capacity for decision making and consent, involving a proxy decision maker where appropriate

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • comply with professional regulatory requirements and codes of conduct
  • assist in shaping an organisational culture that prioritises safety and quality through openness, honesty, learning, and quality improvement
  • consider patients’ decision-making capacity

Leadership, management, and teamwork

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • formulate and implement quality improvement strategies as a collaborative effort involving all key health professionals
  • support multidisciplinary team activities to lower patients’ risk of harm, and promote multidisciplinary programs of education

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate attitudes of respect and cooperation among members of different professional teams
  • partner with clinicians and managers to ensure patients receive appropriate care and information on their care

Health policy, systems, and advocacy

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • participate in all applicable health care governance processes
  • participate regularly in multidisciplinary meetings where quality and safety issues are standing agenda items, and where innovative ideas and projects for improving care are actively encouraged
  • identify activities within systems to reduce errors, improve patient and population safety, and implement cost-effective change

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • comply with all relevant organisational policies and procedures