Presentations
- Academic and learning difficulties
- Acute-on-chronic neurodevelopmental disability
- Anxiety / Depression
- Attention and concentration difficulties
- Body image concerns
- Bullying and other forms of victimisation and social exclusion
- Chronic pain
- Constipation
- Diarrhoea
- Dysmenorrhoea or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Eating issues:
- food refusal
- picky eating
- Family dysfunction
- Fatigue / Tiredness
- Gender identity concerns
- Headaches
- Loss of consciousness / Fainting
- Medication / Treatment non-adherence
- Physical violence
- School refusal and excessive absenteeism
- Self-harm
- Skin concerns
- Sleep disorders
- Social media use concerns
- Suicidal ideation
- Transition from paediatric to adult care
- Underweight / overweight
Conditions
- Acne
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Chronic health conditions
- Complex neurodevelopmental disorders
- Contraception
- Depression and anxiety
- Diabetes
- Disabilities and associated conditions
- Disorders of pubertal development
- Eating disorders
- Epilepsy
- Functional neurological disorders
- Gender incongruence / dysphoria
- Headaches
- Menstrual conditions
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Substance use disorders
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a developmentally comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
- consider the impact of illness and disease on growth and the bidirectional impact on education, peers, and family relationships
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
- identify educational / vocational pathways
Presentations
- Amenorrhoea
- Electronic device addiction
- Genital dermatology
- Sexual abuse
- Sexual dysfunction
- Suicide attempt
- Unexplained physical symptoms
Conditions
- Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
- Hypermobile Elhers–Danlos syndrome
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Pregnancy
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a developmentally comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
- consider the impact of illness and disease on growth and the bidirectional impact on education, peers, and family relationships
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
- identify educational / vocational pathways
- Brain development
- Cognitive development and capacity to consent
- Common causes of mortality and morbidity
- Early developmental trauma and its impact on adolescent development
- Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use
- Epidemiology of mental health and risk-taking behaviours
- Normal and abnormal adolescent development, including normal and abnormal patterns of growth and pubertal development
- Social determinants of health
Clinical assessment tools
- ADHD assessment tools
- Broad psychosocial assessment, including HEEADSS assessment
- Mental health questionnaires
- Mental state examination
Investigations
- Blood tests
- Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Electroencephalography (EEG) / Neuroimaging
- Medical imaging
- Sexually transmitted infection investigations
- ADHD:
- management of sleep and other complications
- non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of ADHD and comorbidities
- regulations for prescribing stimulant medications
- Adolescent development and stages:
- cognitive development and psychosocial development
- gender development and identity
- normal and abnormal physical development
- sexual development and identity
- ASD:
- awareness of behavioural modification techniques in adolescents and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders
- complications of ASD
- medications used in management of ASD, including atypical antidepressants and antipsychotics
- neurodiversity and need for supports to change during adolescence
- role of allied health professionals when managing young people with developmental disabilities
- Chronic pain:
- non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of chronic pain and comorbidities
- understanding the role of allied health and patient education
- Eating disorders:
- acute medical complications
- liaising with allied health / mental health services
- medical and nutritional stabilisation of malnutrition in eating disorders / management of in-patient eating disorders
- refeeding syndrome
- understanding psychological treatment approaches, including FBT and CBT-E
- Education system:
- impact of disrupted education
- school access and educational support
- school and education processes for young people with developmental delays / disabilities
- school and post-secondary education structures
- Engage and build rapport with adolescents and young adults:
- HEEADSS assessment
- interviewing young people by themselves
- motivational interviewing
- Families:
- family domestic violence awareness and screening
- impact of psychosocial issues on families and young people
- improving communication within families
- parenting strategies for young people with developmental difficulties and neurodiversity
- range of parenting styles appropriate for adolescents and young adults
- Gender dysphoria:
- non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of gender dysphoria and comorbidities
- understand the role of allied health and capacity assessment
- Health policies, resources, and services:
- availability of services in regional and remote communities
- common barriers to health care
- communication processes and relationships between acute care services, community centres, primary health, and private sector
- delivery of health services within individual communities
- education resources and support for young people with neurobehavioural and developmental conditions
- local, regional, and national disability support accessibility, policies, services, and resources
- local, regional and national public health policy and legislation affecting health and wellbeing of young people
- managing young people with developmental disabilities and neurodiversity
- role of government and non-government agencies
- role of primary health, local, and community-based services
- role of school health services for adolescents
- Health status of priority populations:
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
- culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, including young people in refugee and asylum seeker families
- Māori and Pasifika peoples
- neurodiverse young people
- regional and remote communities
- socioeconomically disadvantaged young people
- unhoused young people
- young people in out-of-home care / juvenile justice settings
- young people with disability
- Integrating mental health within medical settings
- Manage chronic health conditions, including promoting adherence to treatment
- Management:
- biopsychosocial model and its application to patient care
- importance and role of case conferences
- role of allied health professionals when managing young people
- use of motivational interviewing for behavioural change
- use of patient-centred care with shared goal setting with young people
- Mental health:
- counselling and supporting distressed young people
- management of common mental health conditions, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological
- management of risk-taking behaviours, violence, and harm minimisation
- Peers:
- intimate partner violence and safe relationships
- personal safety with social media
- psychosocial impacts of bullying
- psychosocial impacts of social media
- Principles of effective health services for adolescents and young adults
- Principles of trauma-informed care
- Provision of health care:
- assessing capacity and consent
- legal aspects and limits to providing confidential health care
- mental health risk assessment
- Strengths-based care:
- capability-based – build skills and promote participation
- holistic – understand the context of young peoples’ lives
- relational – partnership-, patient-, and family-centred
- Substance use:
- complications of substance use disorders
- non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of substance use disorders
- withdrawal management
- Support adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult health care settings
