- Adverse health effects of workplace hazards
- Classification of workplace hazards:
- biological
- chemical
- physical
- psychosocial
- Differences between:
- biological effects
- disease or injury
- exposures
- hazards
- Human factors principles, including but not limited to those that underpin the hierarchy of controls
- Mitigation strategies using the hierarchy of controls
- Models for causation that are medicolegally authoritative
Physical hazards
- Atmospheric pressure changes
- Cold
- Electricity
- Ergonomic
- Heat
- High-pressure injuries
- Radiation:
- ionising
- non-ionising
- radioactive particles
- Sound / Noise
- Vibration
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on workers/patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management tailored to workers’/patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve, lead, and guide multidisciplinary teams to adopt risk-based outcomes driven approaches to ensure health and vocational outcomes, where and as appropriate
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
Biological hazards
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Prions
- Protozoa
- Toxins
- Venom
- Viruses
Chemical hazards
- Carcinogenic and teratogenic substances presently used in bulk in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia
- Categorised by physical state:
- dusts
- fumes
- gases
- liquids
- solids
- Categorised by effects:
- asphyxiant
- carcinogenic
- corrosive
- explosive
- flammable
- irritant
- oxidising
- sensitising
- toxic
- Mineral dusts
- Volatile liquids with vapours capable of causing narcosis and other health effects
Physical hazards
- Changes in ambient pressure
- Cold
- Ergonomic hazards
- Electricity
- Heat
- High-pressure injuries
- Manual handling
- Radiation:
- ionising
- non-ionising
- other clinically relevant electromagnetic phenomena
- Slips, trips, or falls
- Sounds and loud noises, such as:
- banging
- whining
- whirring
- whooshing
- Sources of drowning or engulfment
- Sources of physical trauma
- Vibration
Psychosocial hazards
- Bullying
- External pacing
- Harassment, including sexual harassment
- High and low job demands
- Low job control
- Low reward and recognition
- Low role clarity
- Mentally and/or physically traumatic events and moral injury
- Not part of decision making
- Poor organisational change management
- Poor organisational justice
- Poor physical and/or organisational environmental conditions
- Poor support
- Poor workplace relationships, including interpersonal conflict
- Remote or isolated work
- Violence and aggression
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on workers/patients and their quality of life when developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management tailored to workers’/patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve, lead, and guide multidisciplinary teams to adopt risk-based outcomes driven approaches to ensure health and vocational outcomes, where and as appropriate
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
- Different types and sources of venom and antivenin
- Distinguishing features of:
- bacteria
- fungi
- prions
- protozoa
- viruses
- Health surveillance programs with attention to both biological exposure and effect monitoring
- Routes of exposure, the mechanism of injury, and the pathological effects
- Understanding of the physical, chemical and toxicological properties of substances, such as:
- acid, alkali, pKa and pH
- aromatic and aliphatic compounds
- basic physical laws that relate to chemical reactions, gases, pressure, and temperature
- compounds and mixtures
- diffusion and osmosis
- effects of particle size, including nanoparticles, such as inhalable and respirable
- electrolysis and electrolytes
- enzymes and their properties
- flammability and explosion
- gases
- halogens and halogenated organic material
- inert gases
- ions and polar molecules
- metal and heavy metals
- odour threshold
- oxidation and reduction
- solubility
- volatile organic compounds
- Environmental Health and Social Impact Assessment (EHSIA)
- Formulate comprehensive evidence-based reports around hazards and their health effects
- Occupational hygiene sampling
- Relating occupational hygiene measurements, including health effects and health risks for identified hazards
- Risk assessment and worksite visit processes
- Available literature, such as material safety data sheets and appropriate data bases relevant to agent and exposure
- Critical, scientific technical analysis of quantitative and qualitative methodologies used in occupational hygiene studies
- Reference framework to address foreseeable health and organisational risks relating to substances
- The hierarchy of controls
- The principles and practical application of occupational hygiene, including the principles of:
- evidence-based management with consideration of the person and the context, including management support, the work environment and culture, and work organisation
- occupational history taking
- Toxicology of chemical substances, including pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and half-lives
