Curriculum standards

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use frameworks to guide intersectoral action, such as in disaster management
• identify opportunities to improve care by participating in surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and ‘near misses’
• identify activities within systems to reduce errors, improve patient and population safety, and implement cost-effective change
• place safety and quality of care first in all decision making
• co-design, implement, and use methods to check benefits and harms as experienced by populations affected by public health policies and practice
• demonstrate the ability to prioritise professional duties effectively and appropriately when faced with multiple issues and problems
• build and apply leadership techniques in daily practice through ongoing learning
• maintain personal health and wellbeing and recognise the importance of self-care in the workplace

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• participate in audits and other activities that address the priorities of populations with greater health inequity and improve the quality and safety of the health system
• participate in multidisciplinary collaboration to provide effective health services and operational change
• use and promote information resources and the ethical use of electronic medical record technology where available
• develop and share reflective practice using available tools
• encourage others to practice continuous quality improvement
• advocate for system improvements in response to audit findings
• lead by example in quality improvement activities

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• regularly self-evaluate personal professional practice, and implement changes based on the results
• actively seek feedback from supervisors and colleagues on their own performance, and implement active processes to maintain and improve performance
• identify personal gaps in skills and knowledge, and engage in self-directed learning
• maintain up-to-date knowledge of new technologies, health priorities, and changing health needs
• learn and use methods to be culturally competent, including anti-racist reflection
• teach competently by imparting professional knowledge
• manage and monitor learners’ progress, providing regular assessment and feedback
• evaluate the impact of educational material
• advise on educational programs to improve practice
• initiate and conduct skills training for junior staff
• mentor junior colleagues and act as a role model
• prioritise offers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori (tangata whenua) colleagues to mentor, support, and learn

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• accept feedback constructively, and change behaviour in response
• recognise the limits of personal expertise, and involve other health professionals as needed
• demonstrate basic skills in facilitating colleagues’ learning
• develop skills, under supervision, using available tools
• choose appropriate communication media

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• establish interdisciplinary collaborations
• engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua) and their political structures, and respect self-determination
• display understanding of and support Indigenous-led research
• apply for and secure funding
• review research proposals
• advocate for policy- and practice-relevant research
• undertake and use systematic reviews to produce and implement best practice guidelines for the clinical and public health sectors
• ensure that any protocol for human research is approved by a human research ethics committee, in accordance with national statements on ethical conduct in human research

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise that participation in research is voluntary and based on an appropriate understanding about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, and potential benefits of research
• undertake systematic reviews under supervision
• write and submit ethics applications under supervision

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate culturally competent relationships with professional colleagues and communities
• demonstrate respect for diversity and difference
• support Indigenous-led research
• take steps to minimise unconscious bias, including the impact of gender, religion, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic background on decision making
• identify and apply the values and needs of potential health promotion partners, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• co-design with and support self-determination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate awareness of cultural diversity, unconscious bias, prejudice, racism in all its forms (including pervasive, systemic, sinuous, and overt racism), and other forms of discrimination
• work effectively and respectfully with people from different cultural backgrounds
• recognise that different leadership styles may be more or less appropriate within a specific cultural context

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• promote a team culture of shared accountability for decisions and outcomes
• encourage open discussion of ethical concerns
• respect differences of multidisciplinary team members
• demonstrate an understanding of the ethics of resource allocation
• effectively consult with stakeholders, achieving a balance of alternative views
• work in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua), including community-controlled health sector services and political governance structures
• acknowledge personal conflicts of interest, racism, prejudice, other types of discrimination (such as sexism, misogyny, transphobia, ableism, and homophobia), and unconscious bias
• act collaboratively to resolve behavioural incidents and conflicts such as harassment, bullying, racism, sexism, misogyny, transphobia, ableism, homophobia, and exclusion
• identify and appropriately respond to relevant ethical issues arising in the care of individuals, families, groups, organisations, communities, and populations
• show respect for knowledge and expertise of colleagues

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• support ethical principles in decision making
• maintain standards of medical practice by recognising the health interests of patients and populations as primary responsibilities
• respect the roles and expertise of other health professionals
• work effectively as a member of a team
• promote team values of honesty, discipline, and commitment to continuous improvement
• demonstrate understanding of the negative impact of workplace conflict

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use decision science approaches to formalise decision-making processes and optimise outcomes
• make decisions when faced with multiple and conflicting perspectives
• ensure medical input to organisational decision making
• adopt a systems approach to analysing information from a variety of specialties to make decisions that accelerate health equity in populations
• manage contracting processes for the purchase or provision of services, including specifying service and performance measures, selecting providers, and monitoring performance and outcomes

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• monitor services and provide appropriate advice
• review new healthcare interventions and resources with a pro-equity approach to ensure systemic privilege is experienced by all
• interpret appropriate data and evidence for decision making

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• switch between leadership styles as required by the situation
• identify, prioritise, and develop a plan of action for issues of importance to public health, especially those that are inequitable
• visualise a ‘better’ future, inspire with this vision, and consider the steps, resources, structures, and systems that will help achieve this (such as to enhance efficiency, improve access, and minimise harm)
• develop and lead effective multidisciplinary teams by:
  • building effective relationships
  • developing and implementing strategies to motivate others
  • recognising the range of team members’ skills, expertise, and roles
  • combining team members' skills and expertise optimally
  • expanding perspectives by including matua (elders) and others with expertise and wisdom
  • collaborating with and motivating team members
  • encouraging and adopting insights from team members
• ensuring all team members are accountable for their individual practice
• ensuring timely completion of agreed tasks
• adopting a coordination or non-leadership role when required
• give and receive positive and negative feedback
• facilitate and manage meetings, and contribute to good decision-making processes and information and knowledge sharing
• demonstrate understanding of public health legislation and regulations and relevant legislation in other sectors, including human rights commitments, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
• recognise the range of other team members’ skills, expertise, and roles
• acknowledge and show respect for the contribution of all health professionals involved in improving the health of the population
• participate effectively and appropriately in multidisciplinary teams
• seek out and respect the perspectives of multidisciplinary team members when making decisions
• develop skills in chairing meetings, under supervision, using available tools
• demonstrate understanding of human rights commitments to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and treaty obligations to Māori (tangata whenua)
• lead and manage strategic planning, including business case development
• lead and manage operational planning
• lead organisational change
• use processes for job enhancement, recognition, and dispute resolution
• determine and analyse options and act within short timelines

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise the range of other team members’ skills, expertise, and roles
• acknowledge and show respect for the contribution of all health professionals involved in improving the health of the population
• participate effectively and appropriately in multidisciplinary teams
• seek out and respect the perspectives of multidisciplinary team members when making decisions
• develop skills in chairing meetings, under supervision, using available tools

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply principles of systems thinking to analyse and interrogate complex public health issues
• identify the key elements of an effective public health advocacy campaign
• identify key channels and mechanisms to conduct effective public health advocacy
• use the media effectively
• use negotiation skills effectively
• influence the policy and practices of other sectors / organisations to promote, protect, and improve the health of the population
• engage in appropriate consultation with stakeholders on the delivery of health care
• advocate for the resources and support for healthcare teams to achieve organisational priorities
• influence the development of organisational policies and procedures to optimise health outcomes
• remove self-interest from solutions to health advocacy issues

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate with stakeholders within the organisation about population health
• apply methods used to allocate resources to provide high-quality population health care
• promote the development and use of organisational policies and procedures
• identify the determinants of health of the population, and mitigate barriers to access to care
• recognise the perspectives of different sectors, organisations, cultural groups, and populations involved
• recognise and prioritise the population health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• establish rapport and demonstrate respect for junior colleagues, medical students, and other health professionals
• communicate effectively when teaching, assessing, and appraising learners
• actively encourage a collaborative and safe learning environment with learners and other health professionals
• listen and convey information clearly and considerately

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate accessible, supportive, and compassionate behaviour
• give a presentation to health professionals on a public health topic
• provide instructions and convey expectations to medical students or junior colleagues under supervision

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• support learners to deliver quality medical practice while maintaining their own wellbeing
• apply lessons learned about safety (including cultural safety) for patients and communities by identifying and discussing risks with learners
• assess learners’ competence, and provide timely feedback to minimise risks to safe medical practice
• maintain the safety of patients, communities, and organisations involved with education, and appropriately identify and action concerns
• maintain personal wellbeing

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• observe learners to reduce risks and improve health outcomes
• reflect on own teaching abilities and style while seeking feedback to improve quality of teaching or supervision

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate knowledge of the principles, processes, and skills of supervision
• provide direct guidance to learners in day-to-day work
• deliver training in a variety of settings (such as small group tutorials and lectures)
• work with learners to identify professional development and learning opportunities based on their individual learning needs
• offer feedback and role modelling
• participate in teaching and supervision professional development activities
• encourage self-directed learning and assessment
• develop a consistent and fair approach to assessing learners, recognising that different learners may have different learning needs, such as neurodiverse learners, disabled people, culturally and linguistically diverse populations, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• tailor feedback and assessments to learners’ goals
• seek feedback and reflect on own teaching by developing goals and strategies to improve
• establish and maintain effective mentoring through open dialogue
• support learners to identify and attend formal and informal learning opportunities
• recognise the limits of personal expertise, and involve others appropriately
• provide effective and timely reports of training (and continuing professional development activities) to meet faculty and medical council / board requirements

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate basic skills in the supervision of learners
• apply a standardised approach to teaching, assessment, and feedback, with some consideration for individual learner needs
• implement teaching and learning activities that capture some of the learning goals
• adopt a collaborative teaching style
• provide some guidance to students in self-directed learning

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• clarify junior colleagues’ research project goals and requirements, including ethics, and provide feedback regarding the merits or challenges of proposed research
• monitor the progress of learners’ research projects regularly, and review research project reports prior to submission
• support learners to find forums to present research projects
• encourage and guide learners to seek out relevant research to support practice, including identifying ethnicity within research and its potential impact on outcomes

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• guide learners with respect to the choice of research projects
• ensure that planned research projects are feasible and of suitable standard
• guide learners on developing research questions
• teach and guide learners on appropriate epidemiological study methods and data analysis

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• role model a culturally appropriate approach to teaching
• encourage learners to seek out opportunities to develop and improve their own cultural competence
• encourage learners to ensure culturally appropriate interactions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• consider cultural, ethical, and religious values and beliefs in teaching and learning

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• function effectively and respectfully when working with and teaching people from different cultural backgrounds

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply principles of ethical practice to teaching scenarios
• act as a role model to promote professional responsibility and ethics among learners
• respond appropriately to learners seeking professional guidance

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate professional values, including commitment to high-quality standards of medical practice, compassion, empathy, and respect
• provide learners with feedback to improve their experiences

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• prioritise workloads and manage learners with different levels of professional knowledge or experience
• link theory and practice when explaining professional decisions
• promote joint problem solving
• support a learning environment that allows for independent decision making
• use sound and evidence-based judgement during assessments and when giving feedback to learners
• escalate concerns about learners appropriately

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• provide general advice and support to learners
• use health data logically and effectively to manage public health issues
• recognise when a learner needs additional support

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• maintain personal and learners’ effective performance and continuing professional development
• maintain professional, research, and/or administrative responsibilities while teaching
• create an inclusive environment in which learners feel part of the team
• help shape organisational culture to prioritise quality and work safety through openness, honesty, shared learning, and continued improvement
• demonstrate commitment to ongoing learning and development in leadership and management

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate the principles and practice of professionalism and leadership in health care
• participate in mentor programs, career advice, and general counselling
• demonstrate understanding of responsibility, accountability, and roles within a multidisciplinary team

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• advocate for suitable resources to provide quality supervision and maintain training standards
• explain the value of health data in improving population health outcomes for populations
• support innovation in teaching and training
• support, encourage, and identify opportunities to learn through involvement in policy writing and review

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate some integration of public health principles into teaching and practice
• demonstrate and teach basic application of systems thinking

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• support individuals and communities to have access to, and use, easy-to-understand, high-quality information about their health
• engage communities to share decision making about their own health, to the extent they choose
• implement the organisation’s open disclosure policy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate awareness of the evidence for consumer engagement and its contribution to quality improvement in care
• apply knowledge of how health literacy might affect the way individuals and populations gain access to, understand, and use health information
• discuss with individuals and communities any safety and quality concerns they have relating to their health
• communicate systems and pathways for complaints and feedback

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• participate in organisational quality and safety activities, including critical incident reviews, clinical practice improvement activities, root cause analyses, system analyses, and corrective and preventative action plans
• identify and report actual and potential ‘near miss’ errors
• undertake system improvement activities
• select performance indicators and develop ongoing monitoring processes
• be aware of and use tools to improve health care, including clinical audits, data on patients’ experiences and outcomes, feedback and complaints, and formal and informal program evaluations
• use statistical process control charts
• maintain personal physical and mental wellbeing
• use systems thinking and lean thinking methodologies to plan quality improvement

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate understanding of a systems approach to improving the quality and safety of health care
• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective handovers
• use a quality framework
• keep accurate records of work
• use plan-do-study-act cycles
• be readily accessible when on duty, and arrange suitable cover
• participate in systems for surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and ‘near misses’, including reporting such events
• ensure that identified opportunities for improvement are raised and reported appropriately

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• translate quality improvement approaches and methods into practice
• supervise and manage the performance of junior colleagues in the delivery of high-quality, safe medical practice

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• work within organisational quality and safety systems for the delivery of high-quality medical practice
• use opportunities to learn about safety and quality theory and systems
• participate in professional training in quality and safety to ensure a contemporary approach to safety system strategies

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• ensure that any protocol for human research is approved by an appropriate ethics committee in accordance with national standards
• ensure that any protocol involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or Māori (tangata whenua) is approved by an appropriate Indigenous ethics committee
• make use of systems thinking and lean thinking methodologies

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise that participation in research is voluntary and based on an appropriate understanding about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, and potential benefits of the research

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• undertake professional development opportunities that address the impact of cultural bias, colonisation, and racism on health outcomes, guidelines, and policies
• demonstrate understanding of the role of racism and other types of discrimination in accessing and using preventive services

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate effectively with patients and communities from a range of cultural backgrounds

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• align improvement goals with the priorities of the organisation
• contribute to developing an organisational culture that enables and prioritises safety and quality in health care for patients and communities

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• comply with professional regulatory requirements and codes of conduct

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use decision-making support tools, such as guidelines, protocols, pathways, and reminders
• analyse and evaluate current processes to improve care

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• access information and advice from other sources, including other healthcare practitioners, to identify, evaluate, and improve management of the health of patients and communities

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• formulate and implement quality improvement strategies as a collaborative effort involving all key health professionals
• support multidisciplinary team activities to promote interdisciplinary programs of care that improve quality and reduce the risks of harm to patients and communities
• actively involve experts in other areas to reduce error and optimise care, such as emergency services personnel in responding to disasters

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate attitudes of respect and cooperation among members of different professional teams
• partner with other professionals to ensure best practice healthcare and information for patients and communities

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• participate in all aspects of the development, implementation, evaluation, and monitoring of governance processes for:
  • defining the scope of medical practice
  • performance monitoring and management
  • safety and quality education and training
• measure, analyse, and report a set of specialty-specific processes, impact and outcome indicators, and a set of generic safety indicators
• identify areas within the system where systemic privilege exists, and challenge this as part of a pro-equity approach within the health system
• identify opportunities for quality improvement in population health programs

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• maintain communication with service managers about issues that affect the health of individuals and communities
• contribute to relevant organisational policies and procedures
• demonstrate an understanding of governance, healthcare standards, and current guidelines for the management of public health issues
• participate regularly in multidisciplinary meetings where quality and safety issues are standing agenda items, and where innovative ideas and projects for improving practice are actively encouraged
• help shape an organisational culture that prioritises safety and quality through openness, honesty, learning, and quality improvement

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate openly, listen, and take community concerns seriously, giving adequate opportunity to ask questions
• communicate up to department / minister early on and ongoing as appropriate
• communicate health risks effectively to the public
• use different media effectively
• assess the level of outrage in the community
• respond to complaints
• develop consultation and communication strategies
• communicate an appropriate level of concern
• communicate clearly, effectively, respectfully, and promptly with other relevant professionals

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• anticipate, read, and respond to verbal and nonverbal cues
• demonstrate active listening skills
• communicate clearly with other health professionals, communities, and others involved in situation responses
• use standardised verbal and written templates to improve the reliability of information transfer and prevent errors and omissions
• communicate accurately and in a timely manner to ensure effective handover and quality of situation management

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective handover
• recognise and effectively deal with aggressive and violent behaviours through appropriate training
• maintain personal physical and mental wellbeing
• ensure communities are informed of the material risks associated with any part of proposed management plans
• demonstrate an understanding of legal responsibilities of health professionals and others
• ensure all outstanding information critical to the response is followed up appropriately

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• perform hand hygiene, and take infection control precautions at appropriate moments
• document the progress of situations, and synthesise with clarity and completeness
• ensure handovers are complete, and work to mitigate risks if incomplete
• maintain confidentiality of information from individuals and the community, adhering to relevant privacy legislation

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• take opportunities within situations to teach and guide trainees and other health professionals, taking account of their skill and confidence levels
• regularly reflect upon and self-evaluate professional development
• provide constructive feedback to junior colleagues to contribute to improvements in individuals’ skills

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• set positive and attainable goals for self-learning
• self-reflect as a responsible learner and team member
• take opportunities to teach junior colleagues during handover, as necessary
• provide feedback to junior colleagues

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• search for, find, compile, analyse, interpret, and evaluate information relevant to situations
• use appropriate tools to describe data in terms of time, place, and person
• use appropriate statistics to analyse data to assess risks to public health

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to guidelines and medical literature to assist when required
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of evidence and the challenges of applying research in daily practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• identify populations at increased risk, or who are particularly impacted, or for whom there may need to be specifically tailored management
• use plain language education materials, and demonstrate cultural sensitivity
• demonstrate effective and culturally competent care and communication, including consideration of different needs, such as culture, religion, identity, education, and ability
• use a professional interpreter, health advocate, or a family or community member to assist in communication, and understand the potential limitations of each
• acknowledge community beliefs and values, and how these might impact on health and proposed management plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• display respect for different cultures, and attentiveness to the social determinants of health
• display an understanding of cultural practices relevant to place-based population health practices, and an appreciation of sensitivities and values
• appropriately access interpretive or culturally focused services

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate professional values, including compassion, empathy, respect for diversity, integrity, honesty, and partnership with communities
• maintain confidentiality, unless the release of information is required by law or public interest

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate professional conduct, honesty, and integrity
• maintain respect for individuals, communities, and other healthcare professionals, including respecting privacy and confidentiality
• consider the community’s decision-making capacity
• identify community preferences regarding management and decision making
• not advance personal interest or that of professional agendas at the expense of the community’s wellbeing

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply knowledge and experience to identify community issues and make logical, rational decisions to achieve positive outcomes for communities
• use a holistic approach to health, considering comorbidity, uncertainty, and risk
• use the best available evidence for the most effective management strategies to ensure optimal health outcomes

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate medical reasoning by gathering focused information relevant to community wellbeing
• recognise personal limitations and seek help in an appropriate way when required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use a leadership style (such as delegating, participating, selling, or telling) appropriate to the situation
• identify reporting lines and resources available, including personnel, time, and funds
• identify relevant team members and stakeholdersk
• manage team and stakeholder meetings
• work effectively as a member of multidisciplinary teams to achieve the best population health outcome
• demonstrate awareness of colleagues in difficulty, and work within the appropriate structural systems to support them while maintaining community safety

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• share relevant information with members of the public health response team
• participate as a team member

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• participate in health promotion, disease prevention and control, screening, and reporting notifiable diseases
• advocate for timely, effective action in response to important threats to public health
• advocate effectively for an equity focus to achieve equitable health and wellbeing

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify and access relevant community resources
• identify the role of the health system and public health physician within the situation’s response
• identify causes of inequity in any specific situational response

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• initiate and maintain relevant communication channels with multidisciplinary team members, stakeholders, supervisors, and the community
• maintain excellent documentation of all meetings
• maintain excellent documentation of information, decisions, options, and reasons for choices
• include effective communication in evaluation plans
• consult relevant stakeholders on optimal healthcare services, including the public, consumers, service providers, non-government organisations, the voluntary sector, collaborating organisations, and cultural groups

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify relevant team members and stakeholders
• work in partnership with communities
• ensure consistent messages are given to communities about options, risks, benefits, and likely future outcomes

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use electronic tools (where available) to securely store and retrieve reference information, taking a structured, searchable approach
• use structured information sources, such as online information repositories, including libraries, and other information sources
• use reference management software
• include safety (including physical, mental health, and cultural) in evaluation plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• participate in continuous quality improvement processes
• identify activities that may improve the processes in program development, implementation, and/or evaluation
• contribute to identification of performance markers of safety and quality in evaluation plans

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• regularly reflect upon and self-evaluate professional development
• provide supervision, support, and teaching to develop the skills of junior colleagues and other health professionals through the program development, implementation, operation, and evaluation phases

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• mentor and train others to enhance team effectiveness
• participate in teaching junior colleagues
• encourage junior colleagues to present progress at team meetings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• plan and deliver effective analyses of public health issues
• consider / engage in ethical and governance review processes, as appropriate to the research / evaluation activity
• use appropriate study designs and statistical methods to describe the health needs of populations
• undertake systematic reviews to identify actionable risk factors and intervention strategies
• search for and critically appraise evidence to resolve areas of uncertainty
• critically review quantitative and qualitative data and grey literature
• select appropriate data sources, including routinely collected data
• present findings in a clear, well-structured manner, including their limitations
• select appropriate evaluation types, including formative, process, impact, and outcomes
• use a program logic approach to evaluation

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• undertake basic descriptive epidemiology
• recognise the value and limitations of packages such as Excel
• recognise appropriate use of review articles
• review original research without taking a systematic or critical appraisal approach

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• work with community / cultural groups across the lifespan of programs or interventions
• use culturally appropriate and relevant health promotion strategies to achieve health gain for culturally diverse groups
• communicate with careful consideration to health literacy, language barriers, and culture about community preferences, and whether they are realistic and possible, respecting community decisions
• demonstrate recognition of timing, location, privacy, and appropriateness of sharing information with communities
• demonstrate understanding of the role of discrimination and racism in accessing and using preventive services
• titrate project planning, expectations, and outcomes by incorporating trust, relationships (nature and duration), and power differentials

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• include relevant information regarding cultural or ethnic background in handovers, and whether an interpreter is required
• use appropriate language when communicating with communities
• advise on culturally appropriate initiatives in program development, implementation, and evaluation

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• balance risks and benefits
• demonstrate understanding of the ethical and legal constraints on information disclosure
• share information about individuals and communities consistent with privacy law and professional guidelines on confidentiality
• demonstrate understanding of the additional complexity related to some types of information, such as genetic information and blood-borne virus status, and seek appropriate advice about disclosure of such information
• manage the collection of and access to required public health data
• manage resources to deliver interventions in accordance with implementation plans to achieve the intended outcomes
• explicitly consider the ethical and legal implications of the program being developed during development, implementation, operation, and evaluation

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• maintain respect for community members and other health professionals, including respecting privacy and confidentiality
• be aware of risks and benefits
• interact in a collegiate and collaborative way with professional colleagues
• ensure community engagement in all stages of programs / projects
• apply ethical principles (such as respect, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy) to all interactions with colleagues and communities

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply knowledge and experience to identify community issues and make logical, rational decisions to achieve positive outcomes for communities
• use a holistic approach to health, considering comorbidity, uncertainty, and risk
• integrate the best available evidence into decision making to deliver the most effective management strategies to ensure optimal health outcomes
• reconcile conflicting evidence, applying judgement in making decisions in the presence of uncertainty

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate medical reasoning by gathering focused information relevant to community wellbeing
• recognise personal limitations and seek help in an appropriate way when required
• involve additional staff to assist in a timely fashion when required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use a leadership style appropriate to the situation (such as delegating, participating, selling, or telling)
• manage staff and junior colleagues appropriately, according to their expertise or confidence
• demonstrate understanding of the differing roles of team members
• show respect for the roles and expertise of other health professionals, and work effectively as a member of professional teams
• ensure that multidisciplinary teams provide the opportunity for engagement and participation of community members when appropriate
• demonstrate awareness of colleagues in difficulty, and work within the appropriate structural systems to support them while maintaining community safety
• offer options that are well-analysed with potential consequences, make decisions, and manage the consequences

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• participate in multidisciplinary teams
• share relevant information with team members
• undertake assigned tasks efficiently and effectively
• document progress in all program stages

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• define how the new program fits within the overall health system
• contribute to processes for managing risks, and identify strategies for improvement in project management
• engage in organisational processes to improve project management, such as formal surveys
• advocate for the adoption of health programs
• demonstrate understanding of organisation and funding arrangements that support public health gain and reduce inequity at all levels of care
• participate in government initiatives for chronic diseases management to reduce hospital admissions and improve patients’ quality of life

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify and access relevant community resources
• demonstrate awareness of government initiatives and services available for patients with chronic diseases and disabilities, and display knowledge of how to access them
• demonstrate understanding of the different healthcare system elements and how they interact and relate to each other

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use written and oral communications to describe the health status and health risks of different population groups
• use written and oral communications to convey the breadth of risks (such as financial, reputational, and political) to the organisation, using a variety of media
• use the principles of science communication to share information clearly, accurately, respectfully, responsibly, and empathetically
• identify and act on misinformation as a deliberate barrier to fact-based understanding of the world
• appropriately communicate research findings and data on markers of health and disease risk in the population
• appropriately communicate results of epidemiological studies, including the difference between absolute and relative risk, and its relevance
• tailor communication formats and styles as appropriate for specific audiences

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• present health information in a variety of forms, including written and oral
• present health information to different audiences using a standardised format and language
• ensure documentation is structured, formatted, and referenced appropriately

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• employ health information systems, registers, and disease coding
• critically appraise the quality of information
• use informatics and information and communications technology, including new developments
• ensure safety and quality are key considerations in providing public health information

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• ensure the requirements for mandatory notification are met
• ensure privacy and security of information

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective supervision skills and teaching methods that are adapted to the training context
• encourage questioning among junior colleagues and students
• organise and participate in in-service training on new technologies
• provide specific and constructive feedback and comments to junior colleagues
• regularly reflect upon and self-evaluate professional development
• set defined objectives for teaching encounters, and solicit feedback on mutually agreed goals

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• provide constructive feedback to junior colleagues to contribute to improvements in individuals’ skills
• supervise and coordinate teaching for junior colleagues
• participate in continuing professional development
• actively seek feedback on personal practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• recognise and use Indigenous research principles, including reciprocity and involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• recognise and support Indigenous data sovereignty
• access and use appropriate information sources
• systematically search published and ‘grey’ literature
• document the search strategy
• select studies based on predefined criteria, with formal assessment of bias
• demonstrate an understanding of the appropriate use and correct interpretation of null hypothesis significance testing (p-values and confidence intervals) based on contemporary best practice
• interpret the results of studies in terms of both relative and absolute risks and benefits, costs, and feasibility
• assess internal and external validity
• interpret meta-analyses
• consider issues of causality (chance, bias, confounding, and reverse causality)
• demonstrate an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of research designs
• grade evidence
• evaluate the applicability of the results to the relevant population
• present well-reasoned conclusions and recommendations
• use national sources of information, such as bureaus of statistics and disease registries

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate efficient searching of literature databases to retrieve evidence
• identify and critique information from credible sources to aid in decision making
• appraise the literature using appropriate tools for the study design
• refer to evidence-based guidelines and protocols
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of the evidence and the challenges of applying research in daily practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• consider cultural and religious values and beliefs when providing public health information
• consider the values, beliefs, practices, models of health, biological factors, and unique health needs of specific population groups
• work with affected cultural groups to ensure information is culturally appropriate
• show respect for knowledge and expertise of colleagues and communities

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• practice cultural safety appropriate for the relevant community
• proactively identify risks in the communication of public health information to different groups, including through different types of media

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• consider ethical requirements, and adhere to legal requirements, when managing and sharing public health information

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify ethical principles relevant to the provision of public health information

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• balance risks and benefits in communicating public health information
• use the principles of decision science to formalise decision-making processes

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify risks and benefits in communicating public health information

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• work collaboratively with other staff
• lead teams, maintaining engagement and a focus on outcomes
• maintain strong communication with other health and intersectoral professionals about the appropriate release of public health information
• work in collaboration with finance / accounting colleagues to make good financial decisions

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• collaborate with and engage other team members, based on their roles and skills
• ensure appropriate multidisciplinary engagement
• encourage an environment of openness and respect
• attend relevant meetings regularly
• use available tools, under supervision, to build skills in chairing meetings
• use spreadsheets effectively
• prepare for and conduct meetings in a well-organised and time-efficient manner
• work effectively as a member of multidisciplinary teams or other professional groups

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use a considered and rational approach to the responsible use of resources, balancing costs against outcomes
• have an equity focus, and consider available healthcare resources
• advise on global trends in health and emerging health risks
• maintain good relationships with health agencies and services
• apply the principles of efficient and equitable allocation of resources to meet individual, community, and national health needs
• use effective methods of advocacy appropriate to the issues being considered and the organisational context

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate an understanding of the role of physician leadership and advocacy in appraising population health and systems of care to improve population health outcomes
• demonstrate awareness of the role and place of different organisations within the healthcare system

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use appropriate (including culturally appropriate) communication strategies and modalities for communication, such as emails, face-to-face, and phone calls for individuals, small groups, and mass media (such as social media, websites, and radio) for greater reach to communities and populations
• elicit community members’ views, concerns, and preferences, promoting rapport
• provide information to communities in plain language, avoiding jargon, acronyms, and complex medical terms
• encourage questions, and answer them thoroughly
• ask community members to share their thoughts or explain the management plan affecting their community in their own words, to verify understanding
• convey information considerately and sensitively to communities, seeking clarification if unsure of how best to proceed
• treat children and young people respectfully, and listen to their views
• recognise the role of family and whānau, and, when appropriate, encourage their involvement in decisions about management options
• use presentation software and other tools effectively
• ensure team members are confident and competent in their assigned roles
• ensure communications are honest, transparent, and evidence-based regarding uncertainties

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• select appropriate modes of communication
• engage communities in discussions, avoiding the use of jargon
• check community understanding of information
• collaborate with other health professionals as required
• adapt communication style in response to community characteristics, including age, developmental level, and cognitive, physical, cultural, socioeconomic, and situational factors

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• discuss with communities the situations / issues and available management options, including potential benefits and harms
• provide information to communities in a way they can understand before asking for their agreement
• recognise and take precautions where communities may be at particular risk, such as in relation to issues such as child protection, self-harm, or elder abuse
• participate in processes to manage complaints

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• inform communities of the material risks associated with proposed management plans
• treat information about individuals as confidential

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• discuss the aetiology of diseases and their determinants
• explain the purpose, nature, and extent of any assessments to be conducted
• obtain informed consent or other valid authority before involving community members in teaching

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• respond appropriately to information sourced by community members and to community knowledge regarding their situations / issues

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• provide information to communities that is based on guidelines issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council and/or Health Research Council of NZ
• provide information to potential participants in a way they can understand before asking for their consent to participate in research
• obtain informed consent or other valid authority before involving individuals in research

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to evidence-based guidelines
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of the evidence and the challenges of applying research in daily practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective and culturally competent communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• effectively communicate with members of other ethnic groups by meeting their specific language, cultural, and communication needs
• use qualified language and/or cultural interpreters to help meet communication needs
• provide plain language and culturally appropriate written materials to communities when possible

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify when to use interpreters
• invest time and effort in overcoming linguistic and cultural barriers

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• encourage and support communities to be engaged in their health care, and to use information wisely when they make decisions
• encourage and support communities, and, when relevant, their families and whānau, in caring for themselves and managing their health
• demonstrate respectful professional relationships with community members and other professionals
• prioritise honesty and community wellbeing and benefit above self-interest
• develop a high standard of personal conduct, consistent with professional and community expectations

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• respect the preferences of communities
• communicate appropriately, consistent with the context, and respect community needs and preferences
• maximise autonomy of community members, and support their decision making
• avoid sexual, intimate, and/or financial relationships with clients
• demonstrate a caring attitude towards communities
• respect community members, including protecting their rights to privacy and confidentiality
• behave equitably towards all, irrespective of gender, age, culture, socioeconomic status, sexual identity and preferences, beliefs, contribution to society, illness-related behaviours or the illness itself
• use social media ethically and according to legal obligations to protect confidentiality and privacy

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate effectively with team members and stakeholders, in a way that is responsive to their needs
• discuss public health implementation plans with communities and healthcare and other professionals, working collaboratively with all
• discuss community health and care needs with healthcare team members to align them with the appropriate resources
• facilitate an environment in which all team members feel they can contribute and their opinion is valued
• communicate accurately and succinctly, and motivate others on the healthcare team

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• answer questions from team members
• summarise, clarify, and communicate responsibilities of healthcare team members
• keep healthcare team members focused on community health outcomes

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• consult effectively with stakeholders to inform policy development and implementation
• prepare written policy or guidelines for submission or approval
• communicate policy and advocate effectively, using methods appropriate for the target audience

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate with and involve other health professionals as appropriate
• prepare draft policy or guidelines of a standard that could be submitted for approval

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective communication, including written and oral, across diverse population groups and settings, and understand the barriers that may limit this
• seek feedback on performance from community sources, cultural navigators, and experts
• use interpreters, translators, and cultural navigators when required

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• provide written and oral communications that are appropriate to the audience to diverse cultural and population groups
• seek advice and training on culturally safe communication
• provide a suitable opening to team meetings and presentations that acknowledges the traditional custodians of the land
• use and demonstrate the principles of cultural awareness, respect, and safety in interactions with people from different cultural and population groups
• identify appropriate channels, including cultural or community leaders, through which to communicate, consult, and collaborate with communities

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• challenge the cultural bias of individual colleagues and systemic bias within healthcare services and other organisations
• ensure quality and safety activities that impact cultural groups, such as audits, are culturally safe and conducted according to best practice cultural governance frameworks
• evaluate access to health services using a cultural lens

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate an understanding of cultural awareness and safety, and apply this understanding consistently
• demonstrate an understanding of institutional discrimination and its impact on health and wellbeing

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• seek opportunities to build capacity across diverse cultural and/or non-dominant population groups to contribute to public health
• improve health and public health literacy within organisations, including among clinicians and organisation managers
• partner and codesign effectively with members of cultural and population groups different to one’s own
• use diverse teaching methods, recognising different ways of learning across diverse population groups

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• teach and supervise using standard methods, with some recognition of cultural influences
• participate in continuing professional development to maintain and improve one’s cultural competence
• actively seek feedback on personal skills until competent

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use culturally appropriate consumer and community participation strategies
• select culturally suitable research methods and strategies
• apply rigorous ethical processes and methodologies that are acceptable to the population under study
• collect ethnicity and cultural identity data according to best practice policies
• present results in a way that is comprehensible and meaningful to the audience, including different cultural groups, clinical colleagues, and organisational management
• develop conclusions using data from both scientific and cultural sources
• demonstrate recognition of data sovereignty, data governance, and return of data collected to the community

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• use methods that may have been developed in partnership with the community of study
• focus on the return of findings to the community of study, rather than the publication of findings
• frame a suitable research question
• present the findings of research at scientific meetings or in publications with consultation and/or inclusion of members of the community of study

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• identify key concepts and stages in developing cultural consciousness
• recognise how policy and practices of dominant cultures influence the health of other groups
• identify the values and needs of non-dominant population groups in partnership with those groups

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• undertake continuing professional development to maintain and improve one’s cultural competence
• use appropriate individuals, organisations, and representative networks to seek information and advice when working with other cultural and population groups
• demonstrate an understanding of culture as a determinant of health
• describe the cultural composition of workforces in health settings
• reflect on their own cultural identity and critically assess development needs
• appreciate the interactions and interconnectedness between aspects of a group’s identity, such as race or gender, and attitudes, systems, structures, and organisations which can magnify inequity
• recognise the impact of colonisation on epistemic justice, decolonising actions, and Indigenist approaches to partnerships, knowledge generation, knowledge translation, and capacity building

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the impact of their own culture on their practice
• advise colleagues on non-discriminatory work practices, and advocate for change when discriminatory work practices are displayed
• model interpersonal interactions with colleagues and stakeholders that demonstrate courtesy, fairness, and respect
• recognise and implement ethical principles for working with community and cultural groups
• promote and support self-determination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• prioritise population impact and value, and sustainability and accountability

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise and implement general ethical principles
• work respectfully with colleagues
• demonstrate professional values, including compassion, empathy, respect for diversity, integrity, honesty, and partnership across diverse groups within the landscape of practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• discuss options and make decisions in genuine partnership with communities and diverse population groups
• identify uncertainty and estimate the possible effects on different facets of health and equity for different population groups
• maintain personal and professional integrity in the face of political, professional, or organisational pressures that disadvantage a particular population

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise personal limitations and seek help in an appropriate way when required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• switch leadership styles (delegating, participating, selling, or telling) according to the situation
• manage culturally diverse teams effectively, including co-leadership
• manage stakeholder committees with diverse cultures, interests, and agendas
• collaboratively design, implement, and evaluate interventions with stakeholders from diverse and non-dominant population groups

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• be an effective member of culturally diverse teams
• respect all members of culturally diverse teams
• work collaboratively with researchers, policy makers, and experts from other cultural and population groups
• maintain a focus on health equity

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• collaborate meaningfully with community-controlled health services
• use processes and protocols that are culturally respectful and safe and uphold self-determination in providing services to non-dominant populations
• advocate for choice in health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• identify and act on cultural and other bias within healthcare services and other organisations
• evaluate access to health services using a cultural lens
• recognise the differential impacts of health policy and health systems on equity across diverse cultural and population groups

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise the benefits and harms Westernised health services have played in the health of people of non-Western cultures
• recognise cultural and other bias within healthcare services and other organisations, and seek guidance on an appropriate course of action when required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• explain the potential benefits, risks, costs, and potential consequences of policy options
• use clear language appropriate to the audience
• identify stakeholder concerns and expectations, and provide adequate explanations on the rationale for chosen options
• use written or visual material or other aids that are accurate and up to date to support discussions with the team, stakeholders, and policy makers

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• use available tools, under supervision, to communicate to diverse audiences
• seek feedback on communication skills in different settings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• include evaluation and quality improvement in policy steps and policy writing
• use goals, targets, and indicators as part of performance monitoring frameworks
• identify adverse outcomes that may result from proposed policy options
• analyse quality and safety outcomes for a range of cultural and population groups
• analyse quality and safety outcomes for self-determination of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• prioritise population impact and value, and sustainability and accountability

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• describe quality indicators relevant to policy development

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use appropriate guidelines, evidence sources, and decision support tools
• make and use opportunities to teach junior colleagues
• undertake continuing professional development to maintain currency in policy skills

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• undertake professional development to build policy skills

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• define populations or communities that are likely to be impacted by policies
• gather and synthesise relevant information to use evidence and information
• use suitable quantitative and qualitative methods to describe health needs and impacts
• use evidence to support policy rationale and define policy options

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• consult current research or investigations
• identify and source suitable evidence under direction

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• assess policy from historical, cultural, and inequity perspectives
• engage early and respectfully with culturally diverse communities, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua), for policy development and evaluation
• consult with communities and stakeholders to identify preferred policy options
• consider obligations to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua) in priority settings and their rights to define cultural safety
• develop policy that is intersectoral and cross-jurisdictional

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• consider cultural and religious backgrounds, attitudes, and beliefs, and how these might impact potential policy options

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• analyse policy from an equity perspective
• identify and apply ethical criteria and principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, utility, proportionality, transparency, and negative externalities
• promote and support self-determination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• prioritise population impact and value, and sustainability and accountability, in policy analysis and development

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• access national statements on ethics, including across diverse populations
• be aware of processes and frameworks for ethical decision making

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• evaluate the costs, benefits, and potential risks of each policy option
• demonstrate understanding of appropriate economic evaluation of policy options, such as cost minimisation analysis, cost effectiveness analysis, and cost benefit analysis
• consider important economic issues, such as efficiency, equality, opportunity cost, margin, and discounting, and value judgements and limitations
• consider the potential trade-offs between equity and efficiency
• recognise the contextual influences on policy development, such as economic, political, sociocultural, technological, legal, and historical factors

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise personal limitations and seek help in an appropriate way when required
• recognise the contextual influences on policy development and implementation, such as economic, political, and sociocultural factors

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• lead team and stakeholder meetings
• manage suitable consultation processes

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• lead team and stakeholder meetings under direct supervision

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• manage resource use and limitations in the context of policy development and planning
• identify strategies that enable successful policy implementation
• identify factors that may lead to the failure of policy implementation, and how these can be managed

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise stages in policy development

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective and context-appropriate consultation methods
• conduct meetings effectively
• ensure that all important discussions with colleagues, multidisciplinary team members, and relevant stakeholders are appropriately documented
• review communications written by junior colleagues
• ensure appropriate use of interpreter services and translated materials

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• suggest appropriate communication methods and audiences relevant to the task
• chair and/or take minutes at meetings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• adopt a systematic approach to the review and improvement of professional practice in the organisational setting
• appraise options for organisational change to improve quality, including those based on theory of change
• identify steps required to achieve organisational change, and use appropriate processes
• identify and act on work health and safety issues
• identify and act on diversity issues within the workplace
• maintain personal physical and mental health and wellbeing
• recognise and manage the impacts of organisational change

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• take reasonable steps to address issues if the safety of peers or community members may be compromised
• use a systems approach to improve the quality and safety of care
• participate in organisational quality and safety activities, including critical incident reviews
• address racism in organisations, including those affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• evaluate their own professional practice
• demonstrate learning behaviour and skills in educating junior colleagues
• contribute to the generation of knowledge
• maintain professional continuing education standards

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise the limits of personal expertise, and involve other professionals as needed
• use information technology appropriately as a resource for modern medical practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• analyse opportunities, threats, benefits, costs, and risks
• undertake research on organisational change
• implement management models and organisational theory

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• source data on options for priority setting
• use appropriate secure information technology to store and access data

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply principles of cultural awareness, respect, and safety, and ensure that services are inclusive of and relevant to the community
• mitigate the influence of their own culture and beliefs on interactions with communities and decision making

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• acknowledge the social, economic, cultural, and behavioural factors influencing health, both at individual and population levels

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• respect the roles and expertise of other health professionals and relevant stakeholders
• ensure that documentation and the use of social media and emerging technologies is consistent with ethical and legal obligations
• demonstrate awareness of financial and other conflicts of interest

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise the responsibility to protect and advance the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities
• maintain the confidentiality of documentation

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate understanding of the operation of relevant organisations, including public health, health care, disability support, research, teaching, policy, and other organisations influencing public health
• demonstrate understanding of optimal governance structures, election and appointment processes, and responsibilities and accountabilities of board and committee members
• gather and synthesise relevant information to inform decisions in the context of organisational management
• demonstrate the ability to make, and take accountability for, decisions in the context of organisational management

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate growing understanding of organisational governance

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• lead and manage strategic planning, including business case development
• lead and manage operational planning
• lead and manage evaluation of a public health program
• recruit, train, performance manage, motivate, and discharge staff
• manage organisational change
• manage a project, organisation, health service, or business unit
• develop and manage a budget, including understanding accounting principles, financial reports, budget planning, and ongoing review and reporting processes
• use processes for job enhancement, recognition, and dispute resolution
• manage / mediate conflict
• demonstrate comprehension of budget development and management, including understanding accounting principles, financial reports, budget planning, and ongoing review and reporting processes
• take a coordinated systems approach to all management tasks
• determine and analyse options, and act within short timelines
• act on financial information
• critically analyse financial statements and business cases

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• attend relevant meetings regularly
• use available tools, under supervision, to build skills in chairing meetings
• use spreadsheets effectively
• prepare for and conduct meetings in a well-organised and time-efficient manner
• work effectively as a member of multidisciplinary teams or other professional groups
• have knowledge of business and operational processes
• demonstrate an awareness of business, financial, and operational processes

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• maintain good relationships with health agencies and services
• apply the principles of efficient and equitable allocation of resources to meet individual, community, and national health needs
• use effective methods of advocacy appropriate to the issues being considered and the organisational context

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• describe the value and role of different organisations within the healthcare system

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate effectively with a broad range of audiences, including writing and editing
• demonstrate a transparent, consultative style by engaging stakeholders, including government, communities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and others
• collaborate across groups and identify shared understandings and core needs and goals to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of collaborations
• work with stakeholders, other health professionals, and intersectoral colleagues to resolve conflict that may arise when planning and aligning goals
• demonstrate rapport with people at all levels by tailoring messages to different stakeholders, using values-based messaging or other approaches
• present limitations and uncertainty honestly when communicating findings to others
• demonstrate excellent writing and word processing skills
• use clear, concise language appropriate to the target audience
• use email and other written correspondence effectively
• produce effective proposals, submissions, and articles on public health issues
• deliver presentations in a variety of settings

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• recognise different communications approaches for different audiences and situations
• develop presentation skills, with supervision, using available tools
• develop media skills, with supervision, using available tools
• respect the roles of team members
• use clear, concise language
• be able to identify contextual factors that will frame communication, such as anger

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• place safety and quality of care first in all actions and decision making
• demonstrate the ability to prioritise professional duties effectively and appropriately when faced with multiple issues and problems
• ensure the safety of people and communities impacted by the advocacy issue, including their confidentiality and cultural considerations
• co-design, implement, and use methods to check benefits and harms as experienced by populations at the heart of advocacy issues
• maintain personal health and wellbeing and recognise the importance of self-care in the workplace

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• participate in audits and other activities that affect the quality and safety of health care
• participate in multidisciplinary collaboration to provide effective health services and operational change
• use current and emerging information resources where available
• develop reflective practice using available tools

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• regularly self-evaluate personal professional practice, and implement changes based on the results
• actively seek feedback from supervisors and colleagues on their own performance, and implement active processes to maintain and improve performance
• identify personal gaps in skills and knowledge related to public health advocacy, and engage in self-directed learning
• maintain up-to-date knowledge of new technologies, health priorities, and changes in population health needs

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• accept feedback constructively, and change behaviour in response
• recognise the limits of personal knowledge and expertise, and involve other health professionals and supervisors for advice and support as needed

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• establish interdisciplinary collaborations
• engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua) for research input and to respect self-determination
• advocate for effective research, including research funding
• critically and systematically review relevant literature, taking account of levels of evidence to clearly define issues and potential solutions

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate culturally competent relationships with professional colleagues, communities, and advocacy targets, such as government
• take steps to minimise unconscious bias, including the impact of gender, religion, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic background
• identify and apply the values and needs of potential health promotion partners, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• co-design advocacy initiatives with affected communities, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua)
• demonstrate respect for diversity and differences

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate awareness of cultural diversity, unconscious bias, prejudice, and racism in all its forms, including pervasive, systemic, and sinuous and overt racism, and other forms of discrimination

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• promote a team culture of shared accountability for decisions and outcomes
• encourage open discussion of ethical concerns
• respect differences of multidisciplinary team members
• demonstrate an understanding of the ethics of resource allocation
• effectively consult with stakeholders, achieving a balance of alternative views
• acknowledge personal conflicts of interest, unconscious bias, and other types of bias, such as homophobia, transphobia, and sexism
• work in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and Māori (tangata whenua), including their political governance structures
• identify and appropriately respond to relevant ethical issues arising for groups, organisations, communities, and populations
• show respect for knowledge and expertise of colleagues

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• understand and support ethical principles in decision making
• maintain standards of medical practice by recognising the health of populations as a primary responsibility
• respect the roles and expertise of other health professionals
• work effectively as a member of a team

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use objective processes to identify issues for advocacy action
• make decisions when faced with multiple and conflicting perspectives
• ensure public health medical input to organisational decision making
• adopt a systems approach to analysing information from a variety of spheres to develop and undertake advocacy action

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• monitor current and emerging public health issues, including for impacts on equity and the health and wellbeing of population subgroups
• interpret appropriate data and evidence for decision making

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• identify, prioritise, and develop plans of action for advocacy on issues of importance to public health, especially those that are inequitably experienced
• visualise a ‘better’ future, inspire with this vision, and consider the steps, resources, structures, and systems that will help achieve this for effective advocacy action
• develop and lead effective multidisciplinary teams by facilitating effective and collaborative relationships in and between teams
• ensure all team members are accountable for their individual practice
• facilitate and manage meetings, and contribute to good decision-making processes and information and knowledge sharing
• represent organisations such as state or territory public health units or reference groups and state and national bodies to undertake public health advocacy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• understand the range of personal and other team members’ skills, expertise, and roles
• participate effectively and appropriately in multidisciplinary teams
• seek out and respect the perspectives of multidisciplinary team members when making decisions

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• identify the key elements of an effective public health advocacy campaign
• identify key channels and mechanisms to conduct effective public health advocacy
• use the media effectively
• use negotiation skills effectively
• take account of the perspectives of different sectors, organisations, cultural groups, and populations involved
• influence the policy and practices of other sectors / organisations to promote, protect, and improve the health of the population
• engage in appropriate consultation with stakeholders on the delivery of health care
• advocate for resources and support for healthcare teams to achieve organisational priorities
• influence the development of organisational policies and procedures to optimise health outcomes
• remove self-interest from solutions to health advocacy issues
• demonstrate understanding of public health legislation and regulations and relevant legislation in other sectors, including human rights commitments such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
• demonstrate understanding of human rights commitments to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and treaty obligations to Māori (tangata whenua)

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate with stakeholders within the organisation about population health
• understand methods used to allocate resources to provide high-quality population health care
• promote the development and use of organisational policies and procedures
• undertake media and advocacy training