Curriculum standards

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• provide support and motivate patients or populations and health professionals by effective communication
• demonstrate a transparent, consultative, and respectful style by engaging patients and relevant professionals in shared decision making
• demonstrate rapport with people at all levels by tailoring messages to different stakeholders
• work with patients, families, or carers and other health professionals to resolve conflict that may arise when planning and aligning goals

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate adequately with colleagues
• communicate adequately with patients and families or carers and/or the public
• respect the roles of team members

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• be aware of elements of clinical governance and their role in continuous quality improvement
• identify opportunities to improve care by participating in surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and near misses
• identify activities within systems to reduce errors, improve patient and population safety, and implement cost effective change
• place safety and quality of care first in all decision making

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• participate in audits and other activities that affect the quality and safety of patients’ care
• participate in multidisciplinary collaboration to provide effective health services and operational change
• use information resources and electronic medical record technology (where available)

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• regularly self-evaluate personal professional practice, and implement changes based on the results
• actively seek feedback from supervisors and colleagues on their own performance
• identify personal gaps in knowledge and skills, and engage in self-directed learning
• maintain current knowledge of new technologies, health care priorities and changes of patients’ expectations
• teach competently by imparting professional knowledge
• manage and monitor learner progress, providing regular assessment and feedback

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• accept feedback constructively, and change behaviour in response
• recognise the limits of personal expertise, and involve other health professionals as needed
• demonstrate basic skills in facilitating colleagues’ learning

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate culturally safe relationships with professional colleagues and patients
• wherever possible, engage Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander team members and community members in treatment planning and provision to improve outcomes for those patient populations
• demonstrate respect for diversity and difference
• take steps to minimise unconscious bias, including the impact of gender, religion, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic background on decision making

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate awareness of cultural diversity and unconscious bias
• work effectively and respectfully with people from different cultural backgrounds

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• promote a team culture of shared accountability for decisions and outcomes
• encourage open discussions of ethical and clinical concerns
• respect differences of multidisciplinary team members
• understand the ethics of resource allocation by aligning optimal patients and organisational care
• effectively consult with stakeholders to achieve a balance of alternative views
• acknowledge personal conflicts of interest and unconscious bias
• act collaboratively to resolve behavioural incidents and conflicts such as harassment and bullying

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• support ethical principles in clinical decision making
• maintain standards of medical practice by recognising the health interests of patients or populations as primary responsibilities
• respect the roles and expertise of other health professionals
• work effectively as a member of a team
• promote team values of honesty, discipline, and commitment to continuous improvement
• demonstrate understanding of the negative impact of workplace conflict

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• evaluate health services and clarify expectations to support systematic and transparent decision making
• make decisions when faced with multiple and conflicting perspectives
• ensure medical input to organisational decision making
• adopt a systematic approach to analysing information from a variety of specialties to make decisions that benefit health care delivery

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• monitor services and provide appropriate advice
• review new health care interventions and resources
• interpret appropriate data and evidence for decision making

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• combine team members' skills and expertise in delivering patient care and/or population advice
• develop and lead effective multidisciplinary teams by developing and implementing strategies to motivate others
• build effective relationships with multidisciplinary team members to achieve optimal outcomes
• ensure all members of the team are accountable for their individual practice

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• understand the range of personal and other team members’ skills, expertise, and roles
• acknowledge and respect the contribution of all health professionals involved in patient care
• participate effectively and appropriately in multidisciplinary teams
• seek out and respect the perspectives of multidisciplinary team members when making decisions

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• awareness of operational management, including organisational structures and organisational decision-making processes
• engage in appropriate consultation with stakeholders on the delivery of health care
• advocate for the resources and support for health care teams to achieve organisational priorities
• influence the development of organisational policies and procedures to optimise health outcomes
• identify the determinants of health of the population, and mitigate barriers to access to care
• remove self-interest from solutions to health advocacy issues

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate with stakeholders within the organisation about health care delivery
• understand methods used to allocate resources to provide high-quality care
• promote the development and use of organisational policies and procedures

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• listen and convey information clearly and considerately
• establish rapport and demonstrate respect for junior colleagues, medical students, and other health professionals
• communicate effectively when teaching, assessing, and appraising learners
• actively encourage a collaborative and safe learning environment with learners and other health professionals
• support learners to deliver clear, concise, and relevant information in both verbal and written communication
• encourage learners to tailor communication as appropriate for different patients*, such as younger or older people, and/or different populations

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate accessible, supportive, and compassionate behaviour

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• support learners to deliver quality care while maintaining their own wellbeing
• apply lessons learnt about patient safety by identifying and discussing risks with learners
• assess learners’ competence, and provide timely feedback to minimise risks to care
• maintain the safety of patients and organisations involved with education, and appropriately identify and action concerns

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• observe learners to reduce risks and improve health outcomes

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate knowledge of the principles, processes, and skills of supervision
• provide direct guidance to learners in day-to-day work
• work with learners to identify professional development and learning opportunities based on their individual learning needs
• offer feedback in a timely manner
• role model high-level professional behaviour
• schedule training with time for supervision and feedback
• participate in teaching and supervision of professional development activities
• encourage self-directed learning and assessment
• develop a consistent and fair approach to assessing learners
• tailor feedback and assessment to learners’ goals
• seek feedback and reflect on own teaching by developing goals and strategies to improve
• establish and maintain effective mentoring through open dialogue
• recognise the limits of personal expertise, and involve others appropriately

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate basic skills in the supervision of learners
• apply a standardised approach to teaching, assessment, and feedback without considering individual learners’ needs
• implement teaching and learning activities that are misaligned to learning goals
• adopt a teaching style that discourages learner self-directedness

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• clarify junior colleagues’ research projects’ goals and requirements, providing feedback regarding the merits or challenges of proposed research
• support learners to find forums to present research projects
• monitor the progress of learners’ research projects regularly, and review research projects prior to submission
• encourage and guide learners to seek out relevant research to support practice

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• guide learners with respect to the choice of research projects
• ensure that the research projects planned are feasible and of suitable standards

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• role model a culturally appropriate approach to teaching
• encourage learners to seek out opportunities to develop and improve their own cultural safety
• encourage learners to consider culturally appropriate care of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori peoples in patients’ management
• consider cultural, ethical and religious values and beliefs in teaching and learning

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• function effectively and respectfully when working with and teaching with people from different cultural backgrounds

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply principles of ethical practice to teaching scenarios
• act as a role model to promote professional responsibility and ethics among learners
• respond appropriately to learners seeking professional guidance

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate professional values, including commitment to high-quality clinical standards, compassion, empathy, and respect
• provide learners with feedback to improve their experiences

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• prioritise workloads and manage learners with different levels of professional knowledge or experience
• link theory and practice when explaining professional decisions
• promote joint problem solving
• support a learning environment that allows for independent decision making
• use sound and evidence-based judgement during assessments and when communicating feedback to learners
• address and escalate concerns about learners appropriately

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• provide general advice and support to learners
• use health data logically and effectively to investigate difficult diagnostic problems

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• maintain personal and learners’ effective performances and continuing professional development
• maintain professional, clinical, research and/or administrative responsibilities while teaching
• create an inclusive environment whereby learners feel part of the team
• help shape organisational culture to prioritise quality and work safety through openness, honesty, shared learning, and continued improvement

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate the principles and practice of professionalism and leadership in health care
• participate in mentor programs, career advice, and general counselling

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• advocate for suitable resources to provide quality supervision and maintain training standards
• explain the value of health data in the care of patients or populations
• support innovation in teaching and training

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• incompletely integrate public health principals into teaching and practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• support patients to have access to and use high-quality, easy-to-understand information about health care
• support patients to share decision making about their own health care, to the extent they choose
• assist patients’ access to their health information, as well as complaint and feedback systems
• discuss with patients any safety and quality concerns they have relating to their care
• implement the organisation's open disclosure policy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate awareness of the evidence for consumer engagement and its contribution to quality improvement in health care
• apply knowledge of how health literacy might affect the way patients or populations gain access to, understand, and use health information

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
• participate in organisational quality and safety activities, including morbidity and mortality reviews, clinical incident reviews, and root cause analyses
• participate in systems for surveillance and monitoring of adverse events and near misses, including reporting such events
• ensure that identified opportunities for improvement are raised and reported appropriately
• use clinical audits and registries of data on patients’ experiences and outcomes, learning from incidents and complaints to improve health care outcomes

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate understanding of a systematic approach to improving the quality and safety of health care

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use quality improvement approaches in educational practice
• participate in professional training in quality and safety to ensure a contemporary approach to safety system strategies
• supervise and manage the performance of junior colleagues in the delivery of safe, high-quality care

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• work within organisational quality and safety systems for the delivery of clinical care
• use opportunities to learn about safety and quality theory and systems

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use protocol for human research that is approved by a human research ethics committee, in accordance with the national statement on ethical conduct in human research

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• understand that patient participation in research is voluntary and based on an appropriate understanding about the purpose, methods, demands, risks, and potential benefits of the research

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• undertake professional development opportunities that address the impact of cultural bias on health outcomes
• work with Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and service providers to improve the cultural safety of services

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate effectively with patients from diverse backgrounds

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• contribute to developing an organisational culture that enables and prioritises patients’ safety and quality
• align improvement goals with the priorities of the organisation

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• comply with professional regulatory requirements and codes of conduct

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use decision-making support tools, such as guidelines, protocols, pathways, and reminders
• analyse and evaluate current care processes to improve health care
• recognise the complex care needs of patients with substance use and addiction use disorders

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• access information and advice from other health care practitioners to identify, evaluate, and improve patients’ care management

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• advocate for appropriate care for patients with substance use and addiction disorders in other areas of the healthcare system
• formulate and implement quality improvement strategies as a collaborative effort involving all key health professionals
• support multidisciplinary team activities to lower patient risk of harm, and promote multidisciplinary programs of education
• actively involve clinical pharmacists in improving the use of medications

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate attitudes of respect and cooperation among members of different professional teams
• partner with clinicians and managers to ensure patients receive appropriate care and information on their care

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• participate in all aspects of the development, implementation, evaluation, and monitoring of governance processes
• participate regularly in multidisciplinary meetings where quality and safety issues are standing agenda items, and where innovative ideas and projects for improving care are actively encouraged
• measure, analyse, and report clinical process and outcome indicators, and generic safety indicators
• take part in the design and implementation of the organisational systems for:
  • clinical, and safety and quality education and training
  • defining the scopes of clinical practice
  • performance monitoring and management
• work with consumer representative groups to ensure systems of care are designed to aid consumer engagement in decision making
• work with regulatory agencies to optimise legislation, regulations, and administrative processes relevant to the needs of people with substance use and addiction disorders to minimise harms

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• maintain a dialogue with service managers about issues that affect patient care
• contribute to relevant organisational policies and procedures
• help to shape an organisational culture that prioritises safety and quality through openness, honesty, learning, and quality improvement

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• summarise treatment plans and goals for patients
• evaluate, adjust, and tailor the mode and content of communication to patients’ circumstances and levels of understanding
• modify communication styles and techniques to accommodate patients’ current mental state, level of intoxication or withdrawal, and capacity
• use appropriate communication modalities such as face-to-face, phone calls, or video, reflecting the objectives of the encounter and possible risks
• provide information to patients in plain language, avoiding jargon, acronyms, and complex medical terms
• encourage questions, and answer them thoroughly
• recognise the possible role of family, and engage accordingly, with the patients' agreement

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• select appropriate modes of communication
• engage patients in discussions, avoiding the use of jargon
• check patients' understandings of information
• adapt communication styles in response to patients' age, developmental level, and cognitive, physical, cultural, socioeconomic, and situational factors
• collaborate with patient liaison officers as required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• discuss with patients their condition and the available management options, including potential benefits and harms, and any legal considerations
• provide information to patients in a way they can understand before asking for their consent
• participate in processes to manage patient complaints
• recognise where patients may not have capacity to make decisions about management, and communicate accordingly

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• inform patients of the material risks associated with the proposed management plan
• treat information about patients as confidential

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• obtain informed consent or other valid authority before involving patients in teaching

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• respond appropriately to information sourced by patients, and to patients' knowledge regarding their condition

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• provide information to patients that is based on guidelines issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council and/or Health Research Council of NZ
• provide information to patients in a way they can understand before asking for their consent to participate in research
• obtain informed consent or other valid authority before involving patients in research

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to evidence-based clinical guidelines
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of the evidence and the challenges of applying research in daily practice

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective and culturally competent safe communication with Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
• effectively communicate with members of other cultural groups by meeting patients’ specific language, cultural, and communication needs
• use qualified language interpreters or cultural interpreters to help meet patients’ communication needs when necessary
• provide plain language and culturally appropriate written materials to patients when possible

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify when to use interpreters
• allow enough time for communication across linguistic and cultural barriers

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• encourage and support patients to be well informed about their health and to use this information wisely when they make decisions
• encourage and support patients and, when relevant, their families or carers, in caring for themselves and managing their health
• demonstrate respectful professional relationships with patients
• prioritise honesty, patients’ welfare, and community benefit above self-interest
• develop a high standard of personal conduct, consistent with professional and community expectations
• support patients’ rights to seek second opinions

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• respect the preferences of patients
• communicate appropriately, consistent with the context, and respect patients’ needs and preferences
• maximise patient autonomy and support their decision making
• avoid sexual, intimate, and/or financial relationships with patients
• demonstrate a caring attitude towards patients
• respect patients, including protecting their rights to privacy and confidentiality
• behave equitably towards all, irrespective of gender, age, culture, socioeconomic status, sexual preferences, beliefs, contribution to society, illness-related behaviours or the illness itself
• use social media ethically and according to legal obligations to protect patients’ confidentiality and privacy

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate effectively with health care team members involved in patients' care
• discuss medical assessments, treatment plans and investigations with patients and primary care teams, and work collaboratively with them
• discuss patient care needs with team members to align them with the appropriate resources
• facilitate an environment where all team members feel they can contribute and their opinion is valued
• communicate accurately and succinctly, and motivate others in the health care team to do likewise

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• answer questions from team members
• summarise, clarify, and communicate responsibilities of team members
• keep team members focused on patient outcomes

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• help patients navigate the healthcare system by working in collaboration with consumer groups and other services, such as non-government organisations (NGOs), peer support groups, private providers, general practices, and primary care organisations
• advocate for patients with substance use and addictive disorders in all settings, recognising the impacts of stigma on patient health, wellbeing, and access to care

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate with and involve other health professionals as appropriate

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• develop a therapeutic alliance with patients through respectful communication, active listening, and acknowledgement of patients’ views during consultations
• use clear and adequate communication in handover with other health professionals and those involved in patients’ treatments
• communicate with patients’ other treating health professionals to facilitate clear planning and/or handover
• negotiate respectfully with other team members, acknowledging their expertise, when developing management plans for patients
• document management plans, and share with other involved providers in a timely manner

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• compose detailed letters and/or summaries to health professionals, especially the referring doctor and usual GP
• communicate management plans in their entirety

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• create well structured, documented and individualised assessments and management plans
• use standard assessment tools, as required, for particular clinical scenarios, such as withdrawal, cognitive impairment, and sedation levels
• communicate management plans effectively within the clinical context, such as hospital settings requiring multimodal and multilevel communication
• undertake audits of records on a regular basis, and revise assessment and care planning processes accordingly
• use relevant national and state standards, such as Austroads’ Assessing Fitness to Drive and Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency’s Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive, in assessments regarding motor vehicle licencing

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• create broad plans and non-individualised documentation

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• organise regular junior staff observations, especially during the early phases of learning
• verify that junior team members’ use of patient-centred interview styles, assessment structure, and management plans are clearly documented and evidence based
• model good communication at all levels, both with patients and fellow health professionals

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• instruct more junior staff on assessment and management

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the evidence behind various elements of assessment, including the strengths and weaknesses of various tools
• use evidence-based interventions in development of treatment and management plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• use evidence selectively
• adhere to certain assessment strategies or tools without consideration of their relative strengths and weaknesses
• not be sufficiently flexible in accommodating patients’ preferences and wishes, and resource limitations

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• describe the complex historical and contemporary factors that drive substance use and addictive disorders in some Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and populations
• assess patients in a culturally safe manner
• recognise the importance of culture as important aspects of patients’ wellbeing, especially family, relationships, and mental and spiritual health
• recognise the importance of involving family and carers in a culturally safe way
• assess information gained during assessments and in formulation of management plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate difficulty engaging patients in a culturally safe manner, not adjusting communication styles according to the cultural needs of patients, families, and/or carers

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• evaluate risks and benefits of various interventions, acknowledging patients’ right to autonomy
• incorporate principles of shared decision making with patients
• evaluate risks and benefits of various interventions, acknowledging patients’ right to autonomy
• plan management outside of guidelines after conferring with appropriate colleagues
• use flexible approaches to assessment and care planning with the correct precautions in place, which may result in better outcomes
• use appropriate and validated tools for assessment
• critique and scrutinise use of assessment strategies, tools, and the effectiveness of interventions throughout practice

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• demonstrate clinical reasoning by gathering focused information relevant to patients' care
• recognise personal limitations and seek help from experienced clinicians or pharmacists in an appropriate way when required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• conduct regular multidisciplinary team review meetings to discuss patients and share knowledge
• negotiate with other team members and health professionals to agree on the actions necessary to achieve patients’ goals, and the support required to do so

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• participate in multidisciplinary meetings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• establish clear processes to access care and for others to make referrals, and ensure that patients are prioritised transparently
• communicate with referring health professionals and agencies in a timely manner

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• identify and access relevant resources to support patients’ care

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate openly, listen, and take patients’ concerns seriously, giving them adequate opportunity to ask questions
• provide information to patients, family or carers (if relevant), to enable informed decisions about diagnostic, therapeutic, and management options
• communicate clearly, effectively, respectfully, and promptly with other health professionals involved in patients’ care

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• anticipate, read, and respond to verbal and nonverbal cues
• demonstrate active listening skills
• communicate patients’ situations to colleagues, including senior clinicians

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• determine the optimal environment for management of withdrawal
• document management plans clearly
• communicate procedures for management of withdrawal, including criteria for care escalation
• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
• recognise and effectively deal with aggressive and violent patient behaviours through appropriate training
• obtain informed consent before undertaking any investigation or providing treatment, except in an emergency
• inform patients of the material risks associated with proposed management plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• perform hand hygiene, and take infection control precautions at appropriate moments
• take precaution against assaults from confused or agitated patients, ensuring appropriate care of patients
• document histories and physical examination findings, and synthesise with clarity

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• set defined objectives for clinical teaching encounters, and solicit feedback on mutually agreed goals
• regularly reflect and self-evaluate professional development
• set clear goals and objectives for self-learning
• obtain informed consent before involving patients in teaching activities
• turn clinical activities into an opportunity to teach, appropriate to the setting

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• deliver teaching considering learners’ level of training

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• compile, analyse, interpret, and evaluate information relevant to the research subject
• use relevant resources to assist with resolving clinical problems, including practice guidelines and current literature
• consider treatment decisions, including evidence from clinical trials and their applicability to older patients

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to guidelines and medical literature to assist in clinical assessments when required
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of evidence, and the challenges of applying research in daily practice
• refer to colleagues to assist with research or finding resources to resolve clinical problemse

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• acknowledge patients’ beliefs and values, and how these might impact on health
• demonstrate effective and culturally safe communication and care for Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and members of other cultural groups
• engage culturally safe carers or family members to assist during the withdrawal
• use professional interpreters, health advocates, or family or community members to assist in communication with patients
• use plain language patient education materials, demonstrating cultural and linguistic sensitivity

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• display respect for patients’ cultures, and attentiveness to social determinants of health
• display an understanding of at least the most prevalent cultures in society, and an appreciation of their sensitivities
• appropriately access interpretive or culturally focused services

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• discuss the treatment and non-treatment options available with patients
• explain access options for treatments now and in the future
• facilitate interactions within multidisciplinary teams, respecting values, encouraging involvement, and engaging all participants in decision making
• demonstrate critical reflection on personal beliefs and attitudes, including how these may affect patient care and health care policy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate medical management plans as part of multidisciplinary plans
• establish, where possible, patients' wishes and preferences about care
• contribute to building a productive culture within teams

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• evaluate and determine the balance of intensity of treatment options in collaboration with patients’ families and decision makers
• recognise the need for escalation of care, and escalate to appropriate staff or services
• integrate evidence related to questions of diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, risks, and causes into clinical decision making
• reconcile conflicting advice from other specialties, applying judgement in making clinical decisions in the presence of uncertainty

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• involve additional staff to assist in a timely fashion when required
• recognise situations in which to ask for help

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• interact with medical, pharmacy, and nursing staff to ensure safe and effective medicine use
• collaborate with colleagues in other specialties about common risks, side effects, and drug interactions

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• work collaboratively with pharmacists
• participate in medication safety, and morbidity and mortality meetings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• advocate for improved access to withdrawal services in metropolitan, regional, and remote areas
• support community withdrawal services adequately
• prepare and implement appropriate treatment escalation protocols
• manage measures to ensure continuity of care when transferring care to non-government organisations (NGOs) or primary care
• work with Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to improve access and develop culturally safe withdrawal services

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• prescribe in accordance with the organisational policy

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate openly, listen, and take patients’ concerns seriously, giving them adequate opportunity to ask questions
• provide information to patients, family or carers (if relevant), to enable them to make a fully informed decision from various diagnostic, therapeutic, and management options
• communicate clearly, effectively, respectfully, and promptly with other health professionals involved in patients’ care, including GPs and pharmacists

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• anticipate, read, and respond to patients’ questions and comments
• demonstrate active listening skills
• communicate patients’ situations to colleagues, including senior clinicians
• understand how to assess communication skills and effectiveness, evaluating patient feedback

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• determine what reasonable risk mitigation strategies need to be in place
• document management plans clearly
• communicate clearly when prescribing for opioid dependence
• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
• recognise and de-escalate challenging behaviours
• obtain informed consent before undertaking any investigation or providing treatment, except in an emergency
• inform patients of the material risks associated with any part of the proposed management plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• perform hand hygiene, and take infection control precautions at appropriate moments
• take precaution against assaults by patients

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• set defined objectives for clinical teaching encounters, and solicit feedback on mutually agreed goals
• reflect regularly and self-evaluate professional development
• obtain informed consent before involving patients in teaching activities
• use clinical activities as an opportunity to teach, appropriate to the setting
• collaborate with primary care and pharmacy colleagues to increase understanding and adoption of opioid agonist treatment (OAT)

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• set vague goals and objectives for self-learning
• deliver teaching considering learners’ level of training
• participate in specialty journal clubs and available advanced training tutorials

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• compile, analyse, interpret, and evaluate information relevant to the research subject
• use relevant resources to assist with resolving clinical problems, including practice guidelines and current literature
• consider treatment decisions, including evidence from clinical trials and their applicability to older patients

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to guidelines and medical literature to assist in clinical assessments when required
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of evidence, and the challenges of applying research in daily practice
• refer to colleagues to assist with research or finding resources to resolve clinical problemse

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• acknowledge patients’ beliefs and values, and how these might impact on health
• demonstrate effective and culturally safe communication and care for Māori and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and members of other cultural groups
• use culturally safe settings for service provision
• use professional interpreters, health advocates, or family or community members to assist in communication with patients
• use plain language patient education materials, demonstrating cultural and linguistic sensitivity

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• display respect for patients’ cultures, and attentiveness to social determinants of health
• access interpretive or culturally focused services

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• facilitate interactions within multidisciplinary teams, respecting values, encouraging involvement, and engaging all participants in decision making
• demonstrate critical reflection on personal beliefs and attitudes, including how these may affect patient care and health care policy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate medical management plans as part of multidisciplinary plans
• establish, where possible, patients’ wishes and preferences about care
• contribute to building a productive culture within teams
• outline management strategies for resolving high-conflict situations

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• determine risks associated with treatment and manage accordingly, taking into account the impact on patients
• identify high-risk presentations while in treatment, and respond accordingly
• collaborate with colleagues, including medical nursing and allied health, and at times regulatory authorities, in determining management of complex high-risk situations
• integrate evidence related to questions of diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, risks, and causes into clinical decision making
• reconcile conflicting advice from other specialties, applying judgement in making clinical decisions in the presence of uncertainty

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• involve additional staff to assist in a timely fashion when required
• recognise situations in which to ask for help

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• collaborate with medical, pharmacy, nursing, and allied health professionals to ensure safe and effective medicine use
• collaborate with colleagues in other specialties about common risks, side effects, and drug interactions

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• work collaboratively with pharmacists
• participate in medication safety, and morbidity and mortality meetings
• outline the meaning of clinical governance and lines of accountability

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• choose medicines based on evidence underpinning comparative efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness
• collaborate with other health professionals and community members to better understand the risks associated with opioid dependence and the role of opioid agonist treatment
• manage clear guidelines in place for management of opioid dependence prescribing
• manage adequate processes for transfers between specialist services and custodial services and primary care to ensure continuity

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• prescribe in accordance with the organisational policy

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate with patients, partners, family, or support people involved in antenatal care, in a way that encourages engagement and increases motivation to change
• involve patients, partners, family, or support people in the development of the management plan, taking into account patients’ preferences and social circumstances
• discuss the risks associated with ongoing substance use, and the benefits and risks of various therapeutic options
• communicate with other professionals involved in patients’ care in an effective, respectful, and timely manner

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• adopt a patient-centred communication style
• discuss risks in a way that may overly alarm the pregnant person, risking disengagement
• develop a potentially clinician-centred management plan

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• manage processes in place for screening pregnant patients for substance use, including appropriate pathways for referral
• document management plans clearly
• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
• inform patients of the benefits and risks associated with their choices and proposed management plans

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• undertake infection control measures
• document management plans
• conduct adequate handovers
• possibly over-emphasise risks, with outcome of reduced patient engagement
• assess child safety, and have knowledge of reporting obligations

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• discuss the opportunities associated with pregnancy for behaviour change
• set defined objectives for clinical teaching encounters, and solicit feedback on mutually agreed goals
• reflect regularly and self-evaluate professional development
• obtain informed consent before involving patients in teaching activities
• use clinical activities as an opportunity to teach, appropriate to the setting

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• set general goals and objectives for self-learning
• self-reflect on occasions
• deliver teaching considering learners’ level of training

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• compile, analyse, interpret, and evaluate information relevant to the research subject
• use relevant resources to assist with resolving clinical problems, including practice guidelines and current literature
• consider evidence from clinical trials and applicability to pregnancy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to guidelines and medical literature to assist in clinical assessments when required
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of evidence, and the challenges of applying research in daily practice
• refer to colleagues to assist with research or finding resources to resolve clinical problems

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective and culturally safe communication and care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Māori, and members of other cultural groups
• collaborate with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori midwifery streams and professionals in ensuring responses are suitable and culturally safe
• acknowledge patients’ beliefs and values, and how these might impact on health
• use professional interpreters, health advocates, or family or community members to assist in communication with patients, to ensure cultural safety
• use plain language patient education materials, demonstrating cultural and linguistic sensitivity
• encourage family involvement to support treatment during prenatal and postnatal periods

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• display respect for patients’ cultures, and attentiveness to social determinants of health
• display an understanding of at least the most prevalent cultures in society, and an appreciation of their sensitivities
• appropriately access interpretive or culturally safe focused services

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate with patients regarding the choices they have regarding treatment and non-treatment
• explain access options for treatments now and in the future
• facilitate interactions within multidisciplinary teams, respecting values, encouraging involvement, and engaging all participants in decision making
• demonstrate critical reflection on personal beliefs and attitudes, including how these may affect patient care and health care policy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• facilitate patient-centred care
• communicate medical management plans as part of multidisciplinary plans
• where possible, establish patients’ wishes and preferences about care
• contribute to building a productive culture within teams

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• evaluate the need for patients’ autonomy against fetus’s wellbeing
• evaluate the intensity of interventions against risks of alienating patients
• recognise the need for escalation of care, and escalate to appropriate services or agencies
• reconcile conflicting advice from other specialties, applying judgement in making clinical decisions in the presence of uncertainty
• seek advice from senior colleagues in high-stakes, difficult clinical situations
• assess for risk of interpersonal violence, and be able to respond appropriately when this is identified

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• obtain advice when making decisions around competing interests
• have difficulty achieving an appropriate balance, resulting in treatment hesitancy
• recognise situations in which to ask for help

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• collaborate respectfully with midwifery, obstetric, mental health, paediatric clinicians, and child protection professionals to optimise outcomes through multidisciplinary care planning and case reviews
• provide leadership and advocacy regarding issues around substance use

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• collaborate with other relevant health professionals
• participate in multidisciplinary meetings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• address stigma through advocating and educating health practitioners
• advocate for improved screening and referral pathways for pregnant women using substances
• advocate for support services being adequately resourced
• manage treatment escalation protocols
• collaborate with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori communities to improve access, appropriateness, and cultural safety of addiction services for pregnant people

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• practice in accordance with guidelines and organisational policies for perinatal care

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate with patients and family, if appropriate, in a way that encourages engagement, increases motivation to change, and reflects educational level and cognitive status
• communicate with other health professionals, including providing written reports to ensure sharing of information and collaboration
• involve patients in the development of management plans, considering their preferences and social circumstances
• communicate the responsibilities of the treating team or health professionals

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• adopt a patient-centred communication style
• not adequately communicate or seek to engage other professionals involved in patients’ care
• develop management plans which do not necessarily consider patients’ preferences and circumstances

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• document assessment and management plans clearly
• demonstrate safety skills, including infection control, adverse event reporting, and effective clinical handover
• describe the criteria for seeking further advice and escalation of care

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• undertake infection control measures
• document management plans
• conduct adequate handovers

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• use opportunities to educate referring practitioners about substance use and addictive disorders
• model respectful patient-centred care and a focus on harm minimisation
• set defined objectives for clinical teaching encounters, and solicit feedback on mutually agreed goals
• regularly reflect and self-evaluate professional development
• obtain informed consent before involving patients in teaching activities
• use opportunities to teach using clinical activities

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• set unclear goals and objectives for self-learning
• self-reflect infrequently
• deliver teaching considering learners’ level of training

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• collect relevant information with due consideration of ethical requirements when research or quality improvement work is being undertaken
• use relevant resources to assist with resolving clinical problems, including practice guidelines and current literature
• consider treatment decisions, including evidence from clinical research

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• refer to guidelines and medical literature to assist in clinical assessments when required
• demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of evidence, and the challenges of applying research in daily practice
• refer to colleagues to assist with research or finding resources to resolve clinical problems

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate effective and culturally safe communication and care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Māori, and members of other cultural groups
• work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori services and professionals in ensuring responses are culturally safe
• acknowledge patients’ beliefs and values, and how these might impact on health
• use professional interpreters, health advocates, or family or community members to assist in communication with patients
• use plain language patient education materials, demonstrating cultural and linguistic sensitivity

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• respect patients’ cultures, and attentiveness to social determinants of health
• demonstrate understanding of at least the most prevalent cultures in society, and an appreciation of their sensitivities
• access interpretive or culturally focused services

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate with patients regarding the choices they have regarding treatment and non-treatment
• explain access options for treatments now and in the future
• facilitate interactions within multidisciplinary teams, respecting values, encouraging involvement, and engaging all participants in decision making
• demonstrate critical reflection on personal beliefs and attitudes, including how these may affect patient care and health care policy

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• communicate medical management plans as part of multidisciplinary plans
• establish patients’ wishes and preferences about care
• contribute to building a productive culture within teams

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• respect the need for patients’ autonomy, even in the setting of what appears to be poor decision making
• have awareness of when compulsory treatments and mandatory reporting need to be used, per the jurisdiction
• assess the risks present in clinical scenarios, taking into consideration the context of referrals, such as community-based GPs with patients in the community with high levels of uncertainty versus senior registrars or consultants with an inpatient in a much more controlled environment
• recognise the need for escalation of care, and escalate to appropriate services or agencies or advise such accordingly
• balance conflicting advice from other specialties, applying judgement in making clinical decisions in the presence of uncertainty
• seek advice from colleagues in high-stakes difficult clinical situations

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• have difficulty reconciling poor decision making by patients
• not be able to match advice regarding management with the setting of the referring health professional
• recognise situations in which to ask for help
• have difficulty with conflicting advice from specialties and arriving at agreed plans
• seek advice at lower thresholds than at expert level

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• collaborate respectfully with nursing, pharmacy, and other health professionals to optimise outcomes through care planning
• provide leadership and advocacy regarding issues around substance use and addictive disorders

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• collaborate with the other relevant health professionals
• participate in multi-department meetings

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• advocate for appropriate guidelines and pathways to assist people with substance use and addiction disorders, both in primary and tertiary care settings
• adequately resource support services for addiction medicine specialty practice
• verify that treatment escalation protocols are in place
• collaborate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori communities to improve access and appropriateness of addiction services

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• practice in accordance with guidelines and organisational policies for perinatal care

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate effectively and respectfully with clinical and administrative staff to optimise clinic function
• communicate effectively and in a timely manner with outside agencies, health professionals, and other involved parties, such as GPs, pharmacists, psychologists, legal practitioners, and courts, in accordance with patients’ consent and clinical needs
• assist patients as they navigate the services required for substance use and addiction disorders

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• meet patients’ specific language and communication needs
• facilitate appropriate use of interpreter services and translated materials

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• communicate escalation processes to junior staff
• identify and address risks that emerge, such as non-attendances, intoxicated presentations, challenging behaviours, and risk of harm to self and others, including in the context of family violence, driving, near miss, and actual adverse events
• manage adequate governance processes in place around medication prescribing
• manage governance arrangements with involved pharmacists regarding prescriber and pharmacist communications and medication management
• manage clear processes for raising patient safety issues

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• describe escalation processes
• address issues of compromised patient safety by taking reasonable steps
• demonstrate a systematic approach to improving the quality and safety of health care
• participate in organisational quality and safety activities, including clinical incident reviews
• use health record systems in accordance with regulations
• recognise the limits of personal expertise, and involve other professionals as needed to contribute to patients’ care
• use information technology appropriately as a resource for modern health service

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• facilitate adequate supervision and teaching arrangements in clinics
• engage patients in teaching and learning opportunities with consent
• evaluate their own professional practice
• demonstrate skills and behaviours in teaching and learning when educating junior colleagues
• role model destigmatising attitudes and behaviours when teaching other health professionals

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• provide teaching and supervision to junior medical staff
• provide teaching to other health professionals, including nurses, pharmacists, and doctors from other specialties

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• refer research involving patients to relevant human research ethics committees for approval
• obtain informed consent or other valid authority before involving patients in research
• inform patients about their rights, the purpose of the research, the interventions proposed, and the potential risks and benefits of participation before obtaining consent
• contribute to the generation of knowledge

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• allow patients to make informed and voluntary decisions to participate in research

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• apply knowledge of the cultural needs of the community being served in order to shape services that meet its needs
• design and conduct services to ensure culturally safe responses for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Māori, and members of other cultural groups
• recognise personal bias when interacting with patients and decision making
• use professional interpreters, health advocates, or family or community members to assist in communication with patients
• use plain language patient education materials, demonstrating cultural and linguistic sensitivity

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• acknowledge the social, economic, cultural, and behavioural factors influencing health, both at individual and population levels
• engage with patients in a culturally appropriate way to a variable extent
• use interpreters where required

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• identify and respect the boundaries that define professional and therapeutic relationships
• enact sensitive consenting processes for patients engaging in care
• respect the roles and expertise of other health professionals
• comply with the legal requirements of preparing and managing documentation

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• understand the responsibility to protect and advance the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities
• maintain the confidentiality of documentation, and store clinical notes appropriately
• use social media ethically and according to legal obligations

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate awareness of financial and other conflicts of interest
• work effectively to achieve optimal and cost-effective patient care that allows maximum benefit from available resources

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• use human resources, diagnostic interventions, therapeutic modalities, and health care facilities appropriately

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• prepare for and conduct clinical encounters in a well-organised and time-efficient manner
• work effectively as a member of multidisciplinary teams or other professional groups
• document discussions with colleagues, multidisciplinary team members, and patients
• review discharge summaries, notes, and other communications written by junior colleagues
• support colleagues who raise concerns about patients’ safety

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• attend relevant clinical meetings regularly, with variable degrees of leadership demonstrated

Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

• demonstrate the capacity to engage in the surveillance and monitoring of clinical outcomes in the outpatient setting
• describe the health service patterns of the community being served
• maintain collaborative relationships with health agencies and services, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori services, to enable the best coordination of care for patients
• apply the principles of efficient and equitable allocation of resources to meet individual, community, and national health needs
• understand billing requirements for outpatient clinic assessments where relevant
• manage adequate systems for treatment escalation or transfer of care to non-government organisations or primary care to ensure continuity of care
• advocate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Māori communities for appropriate care

Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

• describe broad principles around patterns of community service need