Curriculum standards
Knowledge guides
LG11: Paediatric dermatology
Key presentations and conditions
Advanced Trainees will have a comprehensive depth of knowledge of these presentations and conditions.
Less common or more complex presentations and conditions
Advanced Trainees will understand these presentations and conditions.
Advanced Trainees will understand the resources that should be used to help manage patients with these presentations and conditions.
Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical sciences
Advanced Trainees will have a comprehensive depth of knowledge of the principles of the foundational sciences.
Investigations, procedures, and clinical assessment tools
Advanced Trainees will know the scientific foundation of each investigation and procedure, including relevant anatomy and physiology. They will be able to interpret the reported results of each investigation or procedure.
Advanced Trainees will know how to explain the investigation or procedure to patients, families, and carers, and be able to explain procedural risk and obtain informed consent where applicable.
Important specific issues
Advanced Trainees will identify important specialty-specific issues and the impact of these on diagnosis and management and integrate these into care.
Presentations
- Birthmarks
-
Eruptions:
- papulonodular
- papulosquamous
- pustular
- Erythroderma
- Hair and nail disorders
- Hyperpigmentation
- Hypopigmentation
- Petechiae and purpura
- Photosensitivity
-
Vascular:
- growths
- lesions
- rashes
Conditions
- Acne
- Albinism
-
Alopecia, including:
- alopecia areata
- scarring alopecia
- tinea capitis
- Autoimmune bullous disorders
-
Benign neonatal cutaneous conditions, including:
- cradle cap
- eczema
- erythema toxicum
- napkin dermatitis
- psoriasis
- seborrhoeic dermatitis
-
Birthmarks, including:
- cafē-au-lait macules
- congenital melanocytic naevi
- cutis aplasia
- epidermal naevi
-
Cutaneous examthems, including signs of:
- neglect and abuse
- nutritional deficiencies
- Drug eruptions
- Hidradenitis suppurativa
-
Inflammatory conditions, including:
-
connective tissue disease:
- dermatomyositis
- lupus erythematosus:
- cutaneous
- systemic
-
cutaneous vasculitis:
- Henoch–Schonlein purpura
- Kawasaki disease
- eczema and seborrheic dermatitis
- granuloma annulare
- lichen sclerosus
- morphoea
- psoriasis
- urticaria
-
connective tissue disease:
- Pyogenic granuloma
-
Vascular:
-
anomalies, including:
- capillary malformation
- infantile haemangioma
- lymphatic malformations
- venous malformations
- malformations
- tumours
-
anomalies, including:
- Vesicobullous conditions
- Vitiligo
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigation
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and families, and their quality of life
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
Presentations
- Abnormal development and growth in association with skin conditions
-
Birthmarks:
- collodion
- extensive
- syndromic
- Blueberry muffin syndrome
-
Cutaneous presentations of:
- primary immunodeficiencies
-
systemic diseases, such as:
- autoinflammatory diseases
- cutaneous vasculitis
- cystic fibrosis
- endocrine
- metabolic
- rheumatic syndromes
- vasculitis syndromes
-
Cutaneous:
- presentations of primary immunodeficiencies
- tumours
- Developmental anomalies of the skin
- Ichthyosis
- Infections:
- atypical
- Keratoderma
- Neonatal erythroderma
Conditions
- Cutaneous infections in immunocompromised children
-
Genodermatoses, including, but not limited to:
-
disorders of keratinisation, such as:
- ichthysosis
- keratodermas
- Netherton syndrome
- ectodermal dysplasia
- epidermolysis bullosa
- incontinentia pigmenti
- malignancy predisposition syndromes
- neurofibromatosis
- RASopathies
- tuberous sclerosis
-
disorders of keratinisation, such as:
- Graft-versus-host disease in children
-
Haematological and other malignancies:
- fibromatoses
-
histiocytic disorders:
- juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
- mastocytosis
- melanoma
- skin tumours
- transplacentally acquired conditions
-
Inflammatory dermatoses, complex, including:
- severe eczema and psoriasis requiring systemic treatment
- Mosaic disorders, including:
- congenital melanocytic naevus (CMN) syndrome
- epidermal naevus syndromes
- proteus and mosaic overgrowth syndrome
- Mosaic presentations of skin disorders, such as segmental neurofibromatosis (NF) / vitiligo
- Photosensitivity disorders:
- polymorphic light eruption
- porphyrias
- Rheumatological diseases, including:
- juvenile dermatomyositis
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- systemic lupus
- Vascular malformations and tumours, complex, including:
- kaposiform haemangioendothelioma
- LUMBAR / SACRAL syndrome
- PHACE syndrome
- PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) disorders
- Sturge–Weber syndrome
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigation
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and families, and their quality of life
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and management
- Differences in drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in childhood and adolescence, and the related impacts of medication efficacy and safety
- Impact of dermatological disease on normal growth and development of children
- Incidence and prevalence of cutaneous disorders during the neonatal period, childhood, and adolescence, compared to adults
Clinical assessment tools
- Collateral history from wider family members
-
Disease severity and quality of life scores, such as:
- Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI)
- Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI)
- Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM)
- Global developmental assessment
Investigations
- Blood and serological investigations
- Histopathology and immunohistochemistry
- Trichoscopy
- Wood’s lamp
Procedures
- Approach to the paediatric patient for procedures
- Dermoscopy
- Skin biopsy
- Skin scraping for mycology
Vascular abnormalities
- Radiological investigations
- Tissue biopsies for histology and genetic evaluation
- Assessment and recommended management of associated food allergies with complex inflammatory dermatoses
- Assessment of children’s ability to give consent
- Awareness of child safety in home environments, including when necessary to raise concerns with relevant personnel / organisations
- Home, Education / employment, Eating / exercise, Activities, Drugs and alcohol, Sexuality and relationships, Suicide and depression, Safety (HEEADSSS) assessment
- Impact on the wider family of having a child with a dermatological condition
- Multidisciplinary approach for management, including vascular anomalies multidisciplinary teams
- Normal paediatric and adolescent development, and how this is impacted by dermatological disease
- Treatment modalities, including laser therapy and sclerothera