Curriculum standards

Entrustable Professional Activities

LG7: Population and public health interventions

Learning Goal 7

Population and public health interventions

Design, develop, implement, and evaluate projects, programs, and systems-level interventions to improve population health and prevent preventable mortality and morbidity

This activity requires the ability to:

  • identify and engage key stakeholders
  • determine the relevant health needs of populations of interest
  • define problems to be addressed and match the problem type (such as technical or systemic) to an appropriate level of intervention
  • map the nature and extent of resources available, such as time, financial, and people
  • formulate clear goals for interventions and implementation plans, including considering benefits, costs, and risks
  • consider the operation and management of projects, programs, and interventions
  • consider mechanisms to evaluate projects, programs, and interventions, incorporating quality improvement and data-driven decisions
  • write up reports and make recommendations on program implementation and evaluations, communicating to stakeholders and the department / minister as appropriate

Professional practice framework domain

Medical expertise

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • determine the health and healthcare service needs of populations
  • adopt a systems thinking approach to problem specification
  • determine the optimal use of prevention measures in primary care within a specific setting
  • use health promotion principles, theories, and frameworks
  • consider the balance of systemic, population-level and targeted or high-risk approaches
  • consider the relative importance of chronic diseases, mental illness, and injury for specific populations and cultural groups
  • describe measures to manage disability, and support people with a disability
  • define the remediable determinants of disease in the population, including social, environmental, and commercial determinants, smoking, inactivity, poor nutrition, and others
  • design, operate, and evaluate disease and hazard surveillance systems, including pharmacovigilance and risk management systems
  • design, operate, and evaluate screening programs
  • consider regulatory frameworks relating to population health
  • use recognised criteria and critical evaluation of evidence to guide decisions about the implementation and continuation of programs, such as disease screening and surveillance
  • advise on optimal development and operation of the healthcare sector at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • focus on targeted treatment of individuals at highest risk, without considering population-level prevention
  • demonstrate an understanding of the principles of health and healthcare needs assessments
  • access guidelines on the development of health promotion programs
  • interpret findings from surveillance data

Communication

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • initiate and maintain relevant communication channels with multidisciplinary team members, stakeholders, supervisors, and the community
  • maintain excellent documentation of all meetings
  • maintain excellent documentation of information, decisions, options, and reasons for choices
  • include effective communication in evaluation plans
  • consult relevant stakeholders on optimal healthcare services, including the public, consumers, service providers, non-government organisations, the voluntary sector, collaborating organisations, and cultural groups

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • identify relevant team members and stakeholders
  • work in partnership with communities
  • ensure consistent messages are given to communities about options, risks, benefits, and likely future outcomes

Quality and safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use electronic tools (where available) to securely store and retrieve reference information, taking a structured, searchable approach
  • use structured information sources, such as online information repositories, including libraries, and other information sources
  • use reference management software
  • include safety (including physical, mental health, and cultural) in evaluation plans

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • participate in continuous quality improvement processes
  • identify activities that may improve the processes in program development, implementation, and/or evaluation
  • contribute to identification of performance markers of safety and quality in evaluation plans

Teaching and learning

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • regularly reflect upon and self-evaluate professional development
  • provide supervision, support, and teaching to develop the skills of junior colleagues and other health professionals through the program development, implementation, operation, and evaluation phases

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • mentor and train others to enhance team effectiveness
  • participate in teaching junior colleagues
  • encourage junior colleagues to present progress at team meetings

Research

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • plan and deliver effective analyses of public health issues
  • consider / engage in ethical and governance review processes, as appropriate to the research / evaluation activity
  • use appropriate study designs and statistical methods to describe the health needs of populations
  • undertake systematic reviews to identify actionable risk factors and intervention strategies
  • search for and critically appraise evidence to resolve areas of uncertainty
  • critically review quantitative and qualitative data and grey literature
  • select appropriate data sources, including routinely collected data
  • present findings in a clear, well-structured manner, including their limitations
  • select appropriate evaluation types, including formative, process, impact, and outcomes
  • use a program logic approach to evaluation

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • undertake basic descriptive epidemiology
  • recognise the value and limitations of packages such as Excel
  • recognise appropriate use of review articles
  • review original research without taking a systematic or critical appraisal approach

Cultural safety

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • work with community / cultural groups across the lifespan of programs or interventions
  • use culturally appropriate and relevant health promotion strategies to achieve health gain for culturally diverse groups
  • communicate with careful consideration to health literacy, language barriers, and culture about community preferences, and whether they are realistic and possible, respecting community decisions
  • demonstrate recognition of timing, location, privacy, and appropriateness of sharing information with communities
  • demonstrate understanding of the role of discrimination and racism in accessing and using preventive services
  • titrate project planning, expectations, and outcomes by incorporating trust, relationships (nature and duration), and power differentials

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • include relevant information regarding cultural or ethnic background in handovers, and whether an interpreter is required
  • use appropriate language when communicating with communities
  • advise on culturally appropriate initiatives in program development, implementation, and evaluation

Ethics and professional behaviour

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • balance risks and benefits
  • demonstrate understanding of the ethical and legal constraints on information disclosure
  • share information about individuals and communities consistent with privacy law and professional guidelines on confidentiality
  • demonstrate understanding of the additional complexity related to some types of information, such as genetic information and blood-borne virus status, and seek appropriate advice about disclosure of such information
  • manage the collection of and access to required public health data
  • manage resources to deliver interventions in accordance with implementation plans to achieve the intended outcomes
  • explicitly consider the ethical and legal implications of the program being developed during development, implementation, operation, and evaluation

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • maintain respect for community members and other health professionals, including respecting privacy and confidentiality
  • be aware of risks and benefits
  • interact in a collegiate and collaborative way with professional colleagues
  • ensure community engagement in all stages of programs / projects
  • apply ethical principles (such as respect, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy) to all interactions with colleagues and communities

Judgement and decision making

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • apply knowledge and experience to identify community issues and make logical, rational decisions to achieve positive outcomes for communities
  • use a holistic approach to health, considering comorbidity, uncertainty, and risk
  • integrate the best available evidence into decision making to deliver the most effective management strategies to ensure optimal health outcomes
  • reconcile conflicting evidence, applying judgement in making decisions in the presence of uncertainty

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • demonstrate medical reasoning by gathering focused information relevant to community wellbeing
  • recognise personal limitations and seek help in an appropriate way when required
  • involve additional staff to assist in a timely fashion when required

Leadership, management, and teamwork

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • use a leadership style appropriate to the situation (such as delegating, participating, selling, or telling)
  • manage staff and junior colleagues appropriately, according to their expertise or confidence
  • demonstrate understanding of the differing roles of team members
  • show respect for the roles and expertise of other health professionals, and work effectively as a member of professional teams
  • ensure that multidisciplinary teams provide the opportunity for engagement and participation of community members when appropriate
  • demonstrate awareness of colleagues in difficulty, and work within the appropriate structural systems to support them while maintaining community safety
  • offer options that are well-analysed with potential consequences, make decisions, and manage the consequences

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • participate in multidisciplinary teams
  • share relevant information with team members
  • undertake assigned tasks efficiently and effectively
  • document progress in all program stages

Health policy, systems, and advocacy

confident
Ready to perform without supervision

Expected behaviours of a trainee who can routinely perform this activity without needing supervision

The trainee will:

  • define how the new program fits within the overall health system
  • contribute to processes for managing risks, and identify strategies for improvement in project management
  • engage in organisational processes to improve project management, such as formal surveys
  • advocate for the adoption of health programs
  • demonstrate understanding of organisation and funding arrangements that support public health gain and reduce inequity at all levels of care
  • participate in government initiatives for chronic diseases management to reduce hospital admissions and improve patients’ quality of life

direction
Requires some supervision

Possible behaviours of a trainee who needs some supervision to perform this activity

The trainee may:

  • identify and access relevant community resources
  • demonstrate awareness of government initiatives and services available for patients with chronic diseases and disabilities, and display knowledge of how to access them
  • demonstrate understanding of the different healthcare system elements and how they interact and relate to each other