Presentations
- Bleeding
- Dysmorphic features
- Failure to thrive
- Infections
- Jaundice
- Pallor
- Seizures
Conditions
- Anaemia:
- autoimmune haemolysis
- neonatal haemolysis (haemolytic disease of the newborn)
- nutritional deficiencies
- red cell enzymopathies
- red cell membrane disorders
- Bone marrow failure:
- acute myoblastic leukaemia
- congenital bone marrow failure syndromes
- infant leukaemia
- neuroblastoma
- transient myelopoiesis in Trisomy 21 disorders
- Haemoglobin disorders:
- major thalassaemia syndromes
- sickle cell disease
- Haemostasis disturbance:
- acquired inhibitors of coagulation
- congenital bleeding disorders
- congenital platelet function disorders
- Leucopenia:
- alloimmune neutropenia
- congenital immunodeficiencies
- congenital neutropenias
- sepsis
- Neonatal bleeding disorders:
- acquired failure
- congenital
- gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD)
- Neonatal thrombosis
- Thrombocytopenia:
- alloimmune thrombocytopenia
- congenital thrombocytopenic disorders
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how
to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when
developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate
preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and
management
Presentations
- Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)
- Sepsis
For each presentation and condition, Advanced Trainees will know how to:
Synthesise
- recognise the clinical presentation
- identify relevant epidemiology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical science
- take a comprehensive clinical history
- conduct an appropriate examination
- establish a differential diagnosis
- plan and arrange appropriate investigations
- consider the impact of illness and disease on patients and their quality of life when
developing a management plan
Manage
- provide evidence-based management
- prescribe therapies tailored to patients’ needs and conditions
- recognise potential complications of disease and its management, and initiate
preventative strategies
- involve multidisciplinary teams
Consider other factors
- identify individual and social factors and the impact of these on diagnosis and
management
- Abnormal and normal changes to haemoglobin structure through fetal and neonatal periods
- Causes of neonatal anaemia and thrombocytopenia
- Developmental haemostasis
- Molecular diagnosis of congenital bleeding disorders
- Pathophysiology of fetal and maternal immune-mediated cytopenias
- Pre-term and low birth weight neonates, and haematological complications of prematurity
- Risk factors and management of neonatal thrombosis
Investigations
- ABO, including haemolysis:
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
- lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- reticulocyte count
- serum bilirubin (SBR)
- Full blood count direct antiglobulin testing (maternal blood group)
- Genetic chromosomes
- Haemostasis / liver and factor deficiencies
- Imaging
- Kleihauer–Betke test
- Metabolic screen
- Microarray
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
- Testing for fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT) and neonatal alloimmune
neutropenia
- Thrombophilia screen testing
Procedures
- Blood products for transfusion in neonates and children, such as:
- directed donation
- exchange transfusion
- haemoglobin electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
- massive transfusion
- transfusion of premature neonates
- Bone marrow in a neonate
- Exchange transfusion
- National guidelines for blood component transfusion
- Neonatal screening programs and indications for other siblings
